摘要
【目的】探讨膜下滴灌不同水氮处理对‘赤霞珠’葡萄（Vitisvinifer0L．‘CabernetSauvignon’）幼苗氮素代谢和根系发育的影响。【方法】以酿酒葡萄品种‘赤霞珠’葡萄幼苗为材料，在膜下滴灌条件下采用2个水处理（田间持水量60％一90％、50％，90％）和3个氮处理的复因子盆栽实验，分析了不同水处理和施氮方式对‘赤霞珠’葡萄幼苗氮素代谢和根系发育的影响。【结果】在膜下滴灌条件下，3次施氮（5月20日、6月30日、7月30日将NH4NO，溶于水后随水供氮，施氮量分别为每株1．5、1、1g）可以显著提高植株叶片和根系的总氮、铵态氮、硝态氮含量；而水分处理对其影响不显著。同一水分条件下，2次施氮处理52d后葡萄幼苗叶片和根系的硝酸还原酶（NR）活性、氨同化速率要优于1次施氮。处理后期（83d、116d），3次施氮的葡萄幼苗叶片和根系NR活性、氨同化速率优于1次和2次施氮。适宜的水分和3次施氮处理可以提高葡萄幼苗根系有效根表面积和体积，增加根尖数，保持生长后期根系超氧化物歧化酶活性（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）等保护酶的活性和较强的氧化还原能力。【结论】适宜的水分处理（田间持水量60％～90％）和3次施氮可以提高植株氮素利用率，促进根系发育和延缓生长后期根系衰老。
[Objective]The aim of the experiment is to study the effects of different water and mtrogen treatments on root development and nitrogen metabolism of Vitis vinifera L.＇ Cabernet Sauvignon＇ seedlings under mulched drip irrigation. [Method ]Factorial experiment with two water-treatments（field capacity 60% to 90% and 50% to 90%）and three nitrogen-treatments on Cabernet Sauvignon seedlings was conducted under mulched drip irrigation. [Result]Under mulched drip irrigation, the content of total nitrogen, am- monium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen in leaf and root were increased after three-time topdressing of nitro gen（in May 20, June 30 , July 30, NH4NO3 was dissolved in water and applied to the seedlings with 1.5 g＂ plant-1, 1 g-plant-1, 1 g＂ plant-1 respectively）.There were significant differences in effects on total nitrogen content in grape leaves and roots between nitrogen treatments, but no significant differences between water treatments. Under the same water condition, nitrate reductase （NR） activity and ammonia assimilation rate in leaf and root of grape seedlings were better in two-time topdressing nitrogen application than one-timetreatment 52d after treatment. At the late stage （83 d, 116 d）, NR activity, ammonia assimilation rate were better in three-time topdressing nitrogen application than one-time and two-time treatments. It ws observed that suitable water treatment and three-time topdressing nitrogen application not only improved the effective root surface area and volume, but also increased the number of root tips. In addition, super oxide dismutase （SOD）, peroxidase（POD） and catalase（CAT） protective enzyme activity and redox capaci ty kept at higher levels at late growth stage. [Conclusion]Suitable water treatment （field capacity 60%- 90%）and three-time topdressing nitrogen application increased the utilization efficiency of nitrogen, pro- moted the development of root system , and delayed root senescence at late growth stage.
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第6期975-982,共8页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
国家自然科学基金(31360464)
新疆生产建设兵团重点攻关项目(2013BA003)
关键词
葡萄
干旱区
膜下滴灌
氮素代谢
根系
Grape
Arid area
Mulched drip irrigation
Nitrogen metabolism
Root
作者简介
于坤，男，在读博士生，主要从事果树生理生态和节水灌溉技术研究。Tel：13779704772，E—mail：yukun409@163．com
通讯作者Authorforcorrespondence．Tel：0993—2057927，E—mail：son—in8900@sina．com
