摘要
本文通过对共时层面用法的描写和历时演变过程的考察,说明"来"的代动词用法和"得"的虚化最终导致了"来得"的词汇化。名词性差比结构中的"来得"实现了完全的词汇化,比较义来源于其后作补语的形容词的逆向组合同化;动词性差比结构中的"来"是对实义动词的替换,因而与完全词汇化的"来得"性质不同。文章最后指出,使用"来得"以补偿汉语比字句违反联系项居中原则的理论有无法覆盖的语言现象;语言单位的线性邻接不仅是某些词新义的来源,还能同化非句法结构并使其实现词汇化。
This paper discusses the lexicalization of laide （来得） through both synchronic description and diachronic investigation. The pro-verbal use of lai（来） and the semantic generali- zation of de （得） have finally led to the lexicalization of laide. The comparative meaning of Laide o- riginates from the reverse constructional assimilation of the adjective functioning as complement. Laide in the nominal comparative structure helped realizing its full lexicalization and that in theverbal comparative structure is actually the substitute of the content verb in it, thus the two types of Laide differ from each other in nature. The paper finally points out that the assertion about laide serving as a compensation for the violation of the principle of ＇ relator-between-relata＇ in Chinese bi（比） structure actually can＇t cover all linguistic phenomena. The mutual influence of linear ad- jacent units is not only the source for new lexical meaning, but can also cause the assimilation of some non-syntactic structures, so that to make them lexicalized.
出处
《世界汉语教学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第2期232-242,共11页
Chinese Teaching in the World
关键词
“来得”
比较义
差比结构
词汇化
组合同化
laide, comparative meaning, comparative structure, lexicalization, construc-tional assimilation
作者简介
李瑞，男，1981年生，北京师范大学文学院2010级博士生，研究方向为汉语语法学和汉语词汇语义学。
