摘要
"超载过牧"是造成中国草地退化的主要原因之一。本文通过在内蒙古四子王旗牧区的实地调查,发现草场超载放牧的主体是中小牧户,草场面积越小的牧户越有可能超载,而且超载的程度越高。中小牧户超载的根本原因在于维持家庭收支平衡和促进家庭增收,而国家草原生态保护政策尤其是草畜平衡奖励政策,由于没有考虑到牧民之间的差异性,并不能改善中小牧户的收入状况,也很难调动起承担了绝大多数减畜指标的中小牧户保护草原的积极性。为了有机地协调草原生态保护的目标和牧民增收的目标,在草原生态保护补助奖励机制的基础上,应该制定不与草场面积挂钩的牧民收入支持政策,减弱中小牧户超载的经济动机。
Overgrazing is the main cause of grassland degradation in China.Based on the investigation in Siziwang Banner,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,it is found that the main group of the grassland overgrazing is herdsmen with medium or small sized pasture land.The smaller the pasture land is,the more likely overgrazing takes place,and the higher the degree of overgrazing is.The fundamental reason for the medium or small sized herdsmen to run overgrazing is to keep family account balance and promote family income.The national grassland ecological protection policy,especially the 'Balancing Grass and Livestock' policy does not take into account the differences between the herdsmen.It cannot improve the income of the medium or small sized herdsmen,and it is therefore very hard to arouse the enthusiasm of the medium or small sized herdsmen to protect the grassland,who carry out most of task of livestock reduction for balancing grass and livestock.The research findings have some policy implications.The most important one is that herdsmen income support policy should be made which ought to be independent of size of pasture land.Small or medium sized herdsmen should be targeted in reducing overgrazing.Income support policy will discourage overgrazing of small or medium sized herdsmen,who are the major overgrazing groups.
出处
《中国农村观察》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第2期37-43,94,共7页
China Rural Survey
基金
瑞士发展合作署(SDC)资助项目"面向农村发展的社区气候变化适应"(项目编号:7F-06983.01)的研究成果
