摘要
从清朝初期到末期,拥有一定"地方自治品格"的保甲长、里甲长、乡约等乡村控制组织人员逐渐成为完全受官役使的"官之差役",这成为困扰清王朝基层政权良性运转的痼疾。清末"新政"以来,华北村庄权力结构发生了亘古未有的变动,在具有近代意义的地方自治背景下,国家以从未有过的姿态,将士绅精英、村庄领袖纳入体制内权力体系,使其成为地方自治的主导力量。国家欲借助士绅精英层进行前所未有的乡村政权重构与乡村治理。如同清代的乡村控制组织人员一样,新的地方自治领袖亦成为"官之差役",历史的轨迹固执地沿着自有的方向向传统回归。
From the beginning through the end of the Qing Dynasty, members of rural control organizations such as paochia chiefs, lichia chiefs and village officers with specific 'local self-government character' increasingly became 'official attendants' under the complete control of local governments. This posed a threat to the healthy functioning of Chinese political power at the grassroots level of the Qing Dynasty. Starting from the 'New Deal' toward the end of the Qing Dynasty, the rural power structure of Northern China underwent drastic changes. In the modern context of local self-government, the state began to bring local gentry and village leaders into the power system within the institution, so that they could become a dominant force in local self-government. The state attempted to employ local gentry and elites for rural power restructuring and governance in an unprecedented way. But like those members of rural control organizations of the Qing Dynasty, the new leaders of local self-government also became 'official attendants.' History firmly pursues its own course of returning to traditions.
出处
《中国社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第1期95-112,206-207,共18页
Social Sciences in China
基金
2011年度教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目规划基金项目(11YJA770041)
国家社会科学重大招标项目(10&ZD076)子课题
作者简介
渠桂萍，太原理工大学政法学院副教授（太原030024）。
