摘要
利用渗漏池和量雨器收集降雨和径流,并测定雨水、径流、土壤、植株养分,研究黔北烟区烤烟季玉米的养分利用与径流损失。结果表明,在玉米生长季节,地下径流量随降雨量增加而提高,但地下径流量/降雨量前期较高,中后期较低。雨水中的养分浓度表现为铵态氮>钾>硝态氮>磷;养分浓度的变异系数因养分种类和玉米生育期不同而表现出多样性。在玉米生育期间,降雨输入氮、钾分别占玉米吸收量的13.51%和19.67%,对玉米营养有重要作用。在地下径流的养分浓度表现为硝态氮>钾>铵态氮,未检测到磷。地下径流损失的养分主要是硝态氮和钾,并主要发生在玉米生育前期。在玉米移栽前、收获后,养分输入总量/输出总量略有降低,土壤有机质和全效养分未发生明显变化,碱解氮和速效钾含量收后比栽前显著降低。
Runoff collected from leakage tanks,rainfall by rain gauges,soils and maize plants were analyzed for nutrients in order to investigate the nutrient leaching and utilization by summer maize in tobacco cultivation areas in north Guizhou.The results showed that underground runoff increased with rainfall increased,and the ratio of underground runoff to rainfall was high in early growing stages of maize but decreased in the middle and late periods.Nutrient concentrations in rainfall followed in the sequence： Ammoniapotassiumnitratephosphorus.The variation coefficients of nutrient concentrations changed complexly as nutrient types and growing periods varied.Nitrogen input through rainfall into the soil accounted for 13.51% of maize absorption and potassium for 19.67%.The nutrient input through rainfall was thus important for maize nutrition.High nitrate,less potassium,lower ammonia and no phosphorus were detected in underground runoff.Nitrate varied greatly in contrast potassium which changed slightly in the underground runoff.Large amount of nitrogen and potassium removed from the soil through underground runoff,which took place mainly in the early growing periods of maize.The ratio of total nutrient input to output decreased slightly.There were no obvious variations in organic matter,total nutrient（nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium） and available phosphorus in the soil.And NaOH-hydrolized nitrogen and available potassium were lower in the soil after harvest than that before sowing.
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第2期58-61,共4页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司科技项目(2010-2012)
国家烟草专卖局重大科技攻关项目(110200401011)
关键词
玉米
降雨
径流
养分
maize
rainfall
runoff
nutrient
作者简介
陈启迪（1987-），男，硕士研究生，主要从事植物营养与环境方面研究。E-mail：55829810@qq．com
通讯作者：黄建国（1959-）．男，教授，博士生导师，主要从事微生物与植物营养关系、植物营养与环境关系的研究。E-mail：huang99@swu．edu．cn
