摘要
目的探讨居家访视护理对社区慢性病患者环境领域问题的访视效果,为社区居家访视的发展提供依据。方法构建居家访视流程和评价访视成效的模式,随机选择60例居家慢性病患者(脑卒中、高血压、糖尿病患者各20例)进行访视,应用居家访视效果评分表对患者存在的问题从认知、行为、状况3方面进行评分,排列问题的优先顺序后进行干预。结果通过居家访视后,慢性病患者存在问题的认知、行为和状况评分除了收入状况下降外,其他各项评分均有提高趋势,但仅有住所问题的认知、行为评分,收入的行为评分,卫生的认知评分改变差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论社区护士访视能改变慢性病患者环境领域存在问题的认知和行为,但对存在问题现状的改变还需要社会多方面的支持。
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of home visiting by nurses on problems in environmental domain in patients with chronic diseases,and to provide references for improvement of home visiting. Methods We employed the Omaha System to construct home visiting process and effect-evaluation model,and then provided home visiting service for 60 patients with stroke,hypertension,or diabetes（each disease with 20 participants）.Effect-evaluation rating scale was used to score problems in environmental domain in terms of patients′ awareness,behaviors,and condition.Interventions were taken according to priority of problems. Results The scores of patients′ cognition,behavior,and condition concerning problems in environmental domain increased after the inte-rvention,while the score of income condition decreased.Significant differences were found in scores of cognition and behavior rela-ted to residence,in behavior of income,and in cognition of hygiene（P0.05,P0.01）. Conclusion Home visiting by community nurses can change cognition and behaviors concerning problems in environmental domain in patients with chronic diseases,and improvement of existing problems requires more supports.
基金
广东省清远市科技计划项目(2010B42)
关键词
社区护理
慢性病患者
居家访视
环境领域问题
奥马哈系统
community nursing
patient of chronic disease
home visiting
problems in environmental domain
the Omaha System
作者简介
谭晓青：女，硕士，主管护师；通信作者：刘雪琴
