摘要
上古时代,工匠是除巫职之外的又一个重要的专业阶层,它们在某些职事上与巫相同,都以规矩为符号,因此被认为有神秘性特点,有权谏诫君王。春秋战国时期,工匠的"艺事"又被视为"道"的体现。先秦史书中记载的工匠有垂、奚仲、傅说、匠庆等,他们艺事精湛,地位崇高,行谏诫之责。《墨子》指责公输班"重技轻义",显示了墨家对工匠超越性传统的坚持;《庄子》中的工匠多为得道者或谏诫者形象。这些工匠在谏诫时则往往以自己的技艺设喻,体现了"执艺事以谏"的特点。
In the ancient times of China, artisans form an important professional social class besides the witch. They even share some special functions with the latter, and employ compasses and set squares as their symbols. They are hence thought mysterious and have the responsibilities for admonishing the monarch. During the periods of Spring and Autumn and Warring States, the skills of artisans are taken as the demonstrations of ＂virtue＂. It is recorded in the pre-Qin history that such famous artisans like Chui, Xizhong, Fuyue, Jiangqing and others hold higher social positions for their exquisite skills,and have the right to advise the monarch. Mozi criticizes GONGSHU Ban that he should not＂place skill over virtue＂,an example suggesting Mohists＇ persistence in artisans＇ transcendence of tradition. Artisans are depicted in Zhuangzi mostly as sages or advisers, and they usually use analogies in terms of their own skills, which displays the characteristic of their profession.
出处
《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第1期73-79,共7页
Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)
基金
国家社科基金重大项目"中国上古知识
观念与文献体系的生成与发展研究"(11&ZD103)
关键词
先秦
工匠
“艺事”
谏诫
Pre-Qin Period
artisan
skills
admonishment
