摘要
采用遥感与GIS相结合的方法,以1985年、1995年、2000年和2009年为时间节点对黄河三角洲湿地资源的数量、变化速度、类型转换、重心位移等进行了提取和定量分析。研究结果表明,黄河三角洲湿地在研究期内的变化较为显著,各个时段的变化特点各有异同。整体上人工湿地呈逐年增长的趋势,1985年仅为零星分布,到了2009年则已处于主导地位,而且呈加速增长的趋势,2000年至2009年的增长速度达到了29.19km2/a;近岸湿地、沼泽湿地等自然湿地整体上呈逐年退缩趋势,其中沼泽湿地的退缩最为显著,多转变为了人工湿地和农业用地;黄河三角洲湿地变化的主要驱动力为养殖等人工湿地的扩张,另外黄河口的改道对湿地格局的变化也有一定的影响,尤其对近岸湿地影响最为显著,而湿地重心的空间变化在1995年-2000年间也显著受到黄河口改道的影响;由于整体上湿地的转出数量大于转入数量,且以陆域湿地的转出为主,造成湿地重心呈向海一侧的"东向模式"变化。
Wetlands are considered as the most biologically diverse ecosystem. As the most complete and youngest wetland ecosystem type over the warm temperate zone in China, estuary wetlands over the Yellow River Deka have been experiencing great changes in terms of area arid structure in recent years, which, has in turn, resulted in a series of environmental problems. Dynamic monitoring spatial and temporal change patterns of wetland using remote sensing and geographic information system （GIS） techniques is essential to providing decision makers with important information to guide protection as well as management. Visual interpretation of Landsat Thematic Mapper （TM）/Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus （ETM ＋） imageries acquired in 1995, 2000, and 2009 was performed to extract wetland information. Combined information derived from satellite imageries with data from survey conducted in the 1980s, spatial distribution patterns, change rates and types, as well as changing direction and magnitude of centroids of wetlands were investigated. Results show that wetland in the Yellow River Estuary changed greatly from 1985 through 2009, exhibiting varying characteristics in different periods. Constructed wetlands increased gradually. Natural wetlands, such as marsh and coastal wetland, decreased during the same period. The constructed wetlands were observed to be sparsely distributed in the study area in 1985. However, they became the major wetland type in 2009 and still maintains increasing at a high growth rate, even reaching 29.19 km2/a. During the same period, the total area of marsh considerably decreased, a lot of which has been converted into constructed wetlands, farming land, and other land use types. By exploring the major drivers of these changes, it was found that changes occurring in this area can be attributed mostly to anthropogenic intensive exploitation of wetland resources in pursuit of more economic profits. Diversion of the Yellow River in 1996 can be considered the second factor affecting the spatial patterns of wetlands, especially for coastal wetlands. By examining the change direction and magnitude of wetland＇ s centroids, it was found that during the period 1985-2009, wetlands in the study area gradually shifted from the west to the east.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第12期2277-2284,共8页
Resources Science
基金
国家科技支撑计划:"全球海洋环境数值预报关键技术系统集成研究及应用"(编号:2011BAC03B00)
863导向课题:"海岸带时空演变遥感信息精确提取与分析关键技术"(编号:2009AA12Z148)
海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目:"海洋预报综合信息系统(MiFSIS)研究应用"(编号:201105017)
关键词
黄河三角洲
湿地
GIS
时空变化
Yellow River Estuary
Wetland
GIS
Temporal and spatial variation
作者简介
孙晓宇，男，黑龙江人，博士，副研究员，从事海岸带GIS与RS相关研究。E-mail：sunxy@lreis．ac．cn
通讯作者：吕婷婷，E-mail：lvtt@irsa_ac．cn
