摘要
在开封市不同功能区布设10个土壤采样点,分别于1994年和2006年在同地点采集表层(0～15 cm)样品,用国家标准方法测定土壤As、Pb、Cd和Hg含量,用地积累指数法开展重金属污染评价。结果表明:(1)土壤Cd、Hg富集明显,是主要污染因子。土壤Cd主要来自开封炼锌厂和其他化工企业的"三废"物质,Hg主要来自燃煤废气。(2)郊区农田转变为城市用地后,土壤重金属污染程度有加重趋势;城市土地利用强度下降及管理水平提高可有效减轻土壤重金属污染;同一宗地的权属变化也会导致土壤重金属污染程度的变化。(3)随着城市经济的快速发展,城市土壤重金属的污染状况总体上呈加重趋势,土壤重金属平均地积累指数由1994年的0.98上升至2006年的1.31。
Ten sampling sites were set in the various districts of Kaifeng City. Surface soil samples （0 - 15 cm） were collected from these sites in 1994 and 2006, separately. The samples were analyzed with a GF-AAS （graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer） for concentrations of Pb and Cd, CAAS （cold atomic absorption spectrophotometer） for Hg, and SDS （silver diethyldithiocarbamate spectrophotometer） for As. Heavy metal pollution of the soil was evaluated using geoaccumulation indexes. It was found that Cd and Hg accumulated significantly in the soil, becoming the main pollutants, and the former came mainly from the refuses discharged from Zinc Mill of Kaifeng and some other chemical factories, and the latter from coal combustion. Heavy metal pollution of the soil tended to be more severe in degree after the soil was turned from farmland into the urban lands, and could be effectively mitigated when land use of the urban soils was reduced in intensity and managed better. Change of the servitude of the same piece of land might also lead to variation of the heavy metal pollution of the soil in degree. Along with the rapid economic growth characterized by increasing GDP per capita, population density, coal wastage, quantity of civil automobiles, and tourist quantity, etc. from 1994 to 2006, soil pollution with heavy metals in Kaifeng City become heavier with the geoaccumulation index increased from 0.98 to 1.13.
出处
《土壤学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第4期743-750,共8页
Acta Pedologica Sinica
基金
河南省重点科技攻关项目(0721021500)
教育部和河南省共建河南大学项目(SBGJ090101)
高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20104103110001)资助
关键词
城市土壤
土地利用
重金属污染
地积累指数
开封市
Urban soils
Land use
Heavy metal pollution
Geoaceumulation index
Kaifeng City
作者简介
马建华（1958-），男，教授，主要研究方向为土壤环境污染与防治。E-mail：mjh@henu．edu．cn
