摘要
从率先以"禅让"模式完成王朝更替的魏晋时期开始,王朝国史书写的实践是"禅让后起元",即必须在前代王朝纪年之下书写本朝的"创业之主",行用本朝之纪年须待禅让完成之后。而以刘宋大明年间的徐爰撰修国史为转折点,在南北朝所实践的国史书写之中,都出现了起元"前移"的显著变化。即自本朝开国之君创业伊始,就废弃前朝年号纪年而行用本朝之纪年,并无须等到"禅让"完成。这显示出虽然"禅让"的王朝更替模式未变,但南北朝的皇帝权力起源在"正当性"上相对于魏晋时期发生巨大转换。"创业之主"取代"前朝功臣",即"创业"这一暴力成就本身,取代对于前朝而言的"功业",成为此间皇帝权力起源的新起点。
The abdication model of dynastic change first took place in the Wei-Jin dynasties.Accordingly,in writing the dynastic history,the practice was to write 'abdication prior to year One,' meaning that the biography of the founder of a dynasty in power was usually put into the annals of the preceding dynasty.Year One of the ruling dynasty was counted from after the completion of the abdication.But a dramatic change occurred in the Liu-Song Dynasty,when Xu Yuan compiled the official history of the dynasty.From then on,in all the official histories during the Northern and Southern Dynasties,the first year of each new dynasty was put back;that is,the first year of the new dynasty was counted from when the founder of the dynasty initiated his enterprise.At the same time,the calendar of the preceding dynasty was abandoned before the abdication was completed.This shows that although the abdication model of dynastic change model still existed during Southern and Northern dynasties,the 'legitimacy' of a new emperor's power was significantly different from that of the Wei-Jin dynasties.The term 'Founder of the Empire' replaced the term 'Meritorious Servant of the Preceding Dynasty.' In other words,the violent act of founding the empire,instead of 'meritorious deeds' for the proceeding dynasty,became the new starting point for new emperor's power.
出处
《历史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2010年第3期104-117,共14页
Historical Research
