摘要
辛万翔和曾向红在《"多国体系"中行为体的不同行为逻辑及其根源——兼与许田波商榷》一文中指出,《战争与国家形成——春秋战国与近代早期欧洲之比较》一书中存有两个缺点:其一,春秋战国时期是一个从分裂到统一的转型期,不存在一个发育充分的国际体系。其二,"大一统"观念决定了秦国能够成功地统一中国,而《威斯特伐利亚和约》的多元化注定使欧洲走向均势体系。他们认为,该书作者(许田波)把欧洲的均势理论错用到中国春秋战国时期的多国体系,忽视了中国独特的传统和历史。本文作者对此的回应是,该文的批评缺乏根据,《战争与国家形成——春秋战国与近代早期欧洲之比较》提出的"竞争性逻辑的动力学"理论其实糅合了欧洲的均势逻辑和中国的支配逻辑。"合纵"战略不成功是因为集体行动的困难而非"大一统"观念的存在;而且,均势和主权规范在近代早期欧洲和中国的春秋战国时期都同样脆弱。因此,作者认为,辛万翔和曾向红的观点与历史实践不符,他们文中观点出现偏差的原因在于把历史(过去发生的事)和传统(对过去的看法)混为一谈。《"多国体系"中行为体的不同行为逻辑及其根源》的两位作者所说的"大一统"观念是中国传统的一部分并没有错,但错在他们以为这种观念是秦统一中国的主因。
In their review article'Divergent Behavioral Logics and their Origins in Different ' Multistate Systems','Xin Wanxiang and Zeng Xianghong argue that my book'War and State Formation in Ancient China and Early Modern Europe'involves two major weaknesses. First,the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods represent a transition to unification rather than a full-fledged international system.Second,the'dayitong'ideology dictated Qin's successful unification in ancient China while the plurality of the Peace of Westphalian preordained Europe toward the balance of power.They fault me for imposing the Eurocentric balance-of-power theory on the ancient Chinese system and disregarding China's different tradition and history.This reply article points out that the criticisms are unfounded - that my theory'dynamics of competing logics'indeed blends together the Eurocentric logic of balancing and the Sinocentric logic of domination;that it was the collective action problem rather than the'dayitong'ideology that made the hezong strategy weak; and that the balance of power and sovereignty norms were almost as weak in early modern Europe as in ancient China.Xin and Zeng's argument thus fails to accord with'historical practices.'I point out that Xin and Zeng misread history because they conflate history-what happened in the past - with tradition - how the past is seen.While they are correct to suggest that the'dayitong'ideology is part of China's tradition,they are wrong to argue that'dayitong'was the driving force for Qin's unification.
出处
《世界经济与政治》
CSSCI
北大核心
2010年第5期124-138,共15页
World Economics and Politics
关键词
大一统
春秋战国
近代早期欧洲
历史比较研究
国际体系
'dayitong'ideology
Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods
comparative-historical method
international system
作者简介
许田波（Victoria Tin—bor Hui），美国圣母大学政治学系助理教授。
博士
