摘要
随着中国快速城市化,传统的供水方式正面临严峻挑战,雨水利用这一古老的水资源利用技术,被实践证明是解决城市水问题的重要手段之一。与城市其他不透水面集雨利用相比较,屋面收集的雨水水质高,因此屋面集雨利用系统在世界上被广泛应用。本文建立了居住区屋面集雨利用潜力的计算方法,并据此计算出北京2002年～2007年居住区屋面依据实际年降水量和多年平均降水量可收集的水量分别为2.16亿m3和2.75亿m3,雨水利用对家庭生活用水的节水效率分别为7.2%和9.3%。通过分析影响北京雨水利用的因素,预测了2020年北京居住区屋面可收集水量与不同情景下的收集利用量。最后针对北京雨水利用存在的问题提出了相应的政策措施。
With the rapid development of urbanization in China, traditional water supply systems are facing big challenges. As an old water use technology, rainwater harvesting （RWH） is recognized as one of the most important approaches to addressing increasingly severe urban water issues, thus drawing more and more attentions around the world. In recent years, Beijing City has launched a series of programs to promote the application of rainwater harvesting and sewage water reuse in order to relieve its pressures on water demands. As a consequence, its water supply structures have been improving. However, the research and practice on rainwater harvesting started relatively late in Beijing and rainwater that can be utilized is limited currently. This leads a great deal of rainwater to be discharged as sewage. Comparing with other impervious catchments in a city, roofs are more suitable for rainwater harvesting as there quality is better than other types of rainwater collections. In addition, collected rainwater can be directly utilized for household consumptions in most cases. Quantitative evaluation on the potential of rainwater harvesting from residential roofs can help people better understand the use of urban rainwater and take it as a kind of important water resource. It could also provide meaningful reference for RWH projects in Beijing. After describing three representative modes for rainwater harvesting from roofs and their usefulness, the authors developed a quantitative analysis method to estimate the potential of rainwater harvesting from residential roofs in Beijing. The simulations showed that approximately 216 million m3 water can be collected during the period of 2002-2007 based on the annual rainfall, and 275 million m3 water could be harvested during the same period based on the long-term mean annual rainfall. The total water saving efficiency of household water consumptions can then reach 7.2% and 9.3%, respectively. Based on the further analysis of barriers with regard to the development of unban rainwater harvesting, the authors also estimated the potential of rainwater harvesting from residential roofs under three different scenarios in Beijing by 2020. The outputs indicated that there is a big potential for rainwater harvesting from residential roofs in the city and this is an issue needed to be paid attention. However, there are still a lot of difficulties in applying the technologies to a large scale of practice in Beijing due to the lack of substantial incentives for applications to enhance the rainwater harvesting efficiency. A number of measures were thus put forward to address current problems associated with the rainwater harvesting in Beijing.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第2期282-289,共8页
Resources Science
基金
欧盟第六框架计划项目(编号:SWITCH-018530)
关键词
水资源
雨水收集利用
潜力评估
北京市
Water resource
Rainwater harvesting
Potential estimation
Beijing city
作者简介
季文华，男，浙江金华人，博士生，从事水资源综合管理研究。E-mail：jiwh．07b@igsnrr．ac．cn
通信作者：蔡建明，E-mail：caijm@igsnrr．ac．cn
