摘要
国际分工的深化以及各国消费模式的差异已经成为气候谈判中界定各国排放责任的焦点问题。本文基于长期的、动态的视角,提出根据最终消费来衡量各国碳排放责任的理论,并根据最终消费与碳减排责任的关系,计算了两个情景下1950—2005年世界各国累积消费排放量,发现中国约有14—33%(或超过20%)的国内实际排放是由他国消费所致,而大部分发达国家如英国、法国和意大利则相反。进而,我们从福利角度讨论了以消费排放作为公平分配指标的重要性,从而将国际社会应对气候变化的"共同但有区别的责任"原则扩展为"共同但有区别的碳消费权"原则,建议以1850年以来的(人均)累积消费排放作为国际公平分担减排责任与义务的重要指标。
The globalization has been imposing great challenges on allocating greenhouse gas （GHG） abatement responsibilities across countries. From a dynamic perspective, we propose the idea of allocating the emission responsibility based on the ultimate consumption, analyze the relationship between ultimate consumption and carbon emission, and measure the consumption-based carbon emission across all the countries from 1950 to 2005 in two scenarios. Our analysis suggests that about 14%--33 % （maybe more than 20% ） of China＇s accumulative domestic emission is induced by the others＇ consumption, whereas most developed countries are on the contrary. Based on the new concept of consumption-based carbon emissions, we extend the UNFCCC concept of ‘the Common but Differentiated Responsibilities＇ to allocate fair carbon-consumption rights across countries and propose using a consumption-based carbon-emission right as an important indicator in a future GHG burden-sharing framework.
出处
《经济研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2010年第1期4-14,64,共12页
Economic Research Journal
关键词
气候变化
消费排放
碳消费权
Climate Change
Consumption-based Carbon Emission
Carbon-Consumption Rights
作者简介
樊纲，中国经济体制改革研究基金会国民经济研究所，电子信箱：fangang@neri．org．cn，邮政编码：100038；
苏铭，北京大学国家发展研究院，电子邮箱：sum@pku．edu．cn，邮政编码：100871；
曹静，清华大学经济管理学院，电子邮箱：caojing@sem．tsinghua．edu．cn，邮政编码：100084。
