摘要
宋代一直强调监司勤于巡历,在一定的时间之内遍巡辖下所有州军,这是宋代监司作为地方主要监察官员所特有的履职方式。巡历周期有限,因此监司辖区不能太大。但监司同时是一路行政事务的主管官员,路作为高层行政区划,又不宜太小。这对矛盾促使中央政府多次调整监司员数、辖区面积、巡历周期等相关制度,创设并不断完善一路诸监司分部巡历的制度。除每年例行的巡历之外,分部制度也被灵活运用于紧急事务的处理。这一制度源于宋政权充分利用一路之内多个机构并立的新体制,体现出宋代政治制度的灵活性。
Tours of inspection were a distinctive feature of the way Song inspection officers carried out their supervisory responsibility. The government consistently stressed the need for these officers to tour all their prefectures and commanderies in their jurisdiction within a given period of time. Since such tours could not be too far apart,the area visited could not be too large. And yet,as an inspection officer was concurrently the head administrative official in a circuit (lu),a higher-level administrative division,it could not be too small either. This paradox led the central government to undertake a series of adjustments to the number of inspectors,the area inspected,and the cycle of inspections,etc.,before setting up and fine-tuning a system of inspection tours by department. This institution was widely adopted both in routine annual tours of inspection and in the flexible resolution of emergencies. It arose from the new system under which the Song made full use of the various military bodies in a circuit,and reflects the flexibility of the Song political system.
出处
《历史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2009年第5期51-64,共14页
Historical Research
基金
上海市哲学社会科学规划课题成果(批准号2008BLS003)
作者简介
复旦大学历史系副教授。上海200433
