摘要
利用塿土12年长期定位肥料试验,研究了不同施肥方式对耕层土壤全磷(TP)、有机磷(OP)与有效磷(Olsen-P)的影响。结果表明,施用化学磷肥提高了耕层土壤TP、Olsen-P含量,但并未提高OP含量;对照与磷钾处理的OP含量有降低趋势。当基于含氮量施有机肥时,土壤TP和Olsen-P含量大幅度提高,也提高了OP含量,但OP/TP比率在降低到一定程度后维持在一个较为稳定的水平;即使施用有机肥的处理,磷素也主要以无机形态累积。土壤Olsen-P与TP或两者的增加量都呈显著线性相关,塿土TP每提高100 mg/kg,Olsen-P增加量约为20.8 mg/kg,且单位土壤全磷增加带来的Olsen-P增加有随施肥时间降低的趋势。在土壤Olsen-P含量达到一定水平时应考虑减少磷肥用量。基于有机肥中磷素含量来推荐有机肥施用或延长其施用的时间间隔,将有助于减少由于有机肥施用带来的磷素大量快速累积。
The investigation of phosphorus status under various management regimes is essential to crop production as well as to minimize the potential impact of P on environment. Changes of soil total phosphorus （TP）, organic P （OP）, Olsen- P and the relationships between Olson-P and TP were studied under a 12-year long term fertilization experiment in manural lossial soil. The results indicated that soil TP and Olsen-P contents of plough layers were gradually increased by the application of chemical phosphorus fertilizer, while soil OP contents were not increased. Soil OP contents were decreased on plots where no fertilization or only P and K fertilizers were applied, and soil TP and Olsen-P contents were increased rapidly on plots where 2 different rates of dairy manure were applied, which were recommended on the basis of its N content, in addition to the inorganic N, P and K fertilization. OP contents of the manure treatments were elevated to some extent as well, and the ratios of OP to TP were dropped in the beginning years and then are maintained at a stable level. These results showed that accumulation of soil phosphorus was mainly in the form of inorganic even in the treatments with organic manure application. A significant linear correlation between soil TP and Olsen-P or their increments were observed. Olsen-P increased amount was about 20.8 mg/kg when soil TP are increased by 100 mg/kg and the increased ratio of Olsen-P to TP were gradually decreased with the history of the fertilization. When soil Olsen-P reaches to a certain level, such as 16 mg/kg, which was a critical value for most of cereal crops, the decreased rate of phosphate application was strongly recommended. As for fields of applying organic manure, the application rate which based on its phosphorus contents is suggested, and this recommendation will help to effectively decrease the rapid build-up of phosphorus pool caused by organic manure application.
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第4期837-842,共6页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
科技部973项目"磷循环过程
有效性机制及其影响因素(2005CB121102)
耕地质量项目(2006BAD05B07)"资助
关键词
Olsen磷
土壤全磷
土壤有机磷
长期定位肥料试验
Olsen phosphorus
soil total phosphorus
soil organic phosphorus
long term fertilization experiment
作者简介
杨学云（1967-），男，宁夏青铜峡市人，副研究员，博士，主要从事土壤质量与农业环境方面的研究。Tel：029-87088120，E-mail：xueyunyang@hotmail．com
