摘要
先秦儒家对人性的认知经历了性无善恶论、性善论、性恶论、性有善有恶论几个阶段。但从仁礼并重的体系架构看,先秦儒家没有绝对的性善论者和性恶论者,孟子和荀子只是对人的自然属性和社会属性的强调有不同的侧重而已。先秦儒家力图用"仁"来引导和培育人性中的善端和良知,使人们学会"爱人"、"敬人";用"礼"来规范和约束人性中的恶念和贪欲,使人们拥有理性和智慧。仁礼并重的学说体系是先秦儒家对人性善恶的合理应对,家国同构、稳健实用、积极入世的治世之道是先秦儒家对人性规律的合理运用,它们共同构成儒学独尊千年的人性依据。
Confueian＇s understanding of human nature goes through the steps that the human nature doesn＇t contain goodwill and evil, that it is honest, that it is malicious, and that it contains both goodwill and evil. From the angle of the system that values both benevolence and etiquette, however, Confucian doesn＇t consider absolutely that the human nature is good or evil. Meng Zi and Xun Zi emphasize the human nature property and the human social property only from different aspects. Confucian tries to foster the goodwill in the human nature with benevolence to make people learn loving and respecting others, and tries to restrict the evil with etiquette to make people have rationality and wisdom. The school emphasizing both benevolence and etiquette is Confucian＇s rational respond to whether the human nature is goodwill or evil. The steady and functional governing ways that the structure of family is the same as the one of country and that people should enthusiastically enter society are Confucian＇s rational utilization to the rules of the human nature. All of the above constitute the basis of the human nature that Confucianism is respected for more than two thousands years.
出处
《辽宁大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
2009年第4期10-14,共5页
Journal of Liaoning University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
2007年国家社会科学基金项目"古代礼文化的‘致和之道’及其当代价值研究"(07BZS034)
关键词
仁
礼
人性
儒学
Benevolence
etiquette
human nature
Confucianism
作者简介
张自慧。女，河南南阳人，历史学博士，上海应用技术学院礼文化研究所所长、思想政治学院教授。研究方向：礼文化、中国古代文化史。
