摘要
纺织品在染色或印花后一般都必须进行水洗、皂洗或者还原清洗,根据不同的纤维、染料和工艺采用不同的洗涤助剂,目的是将纤维表面的浮色(未固着染料、水解染料、印花染料等)、染色助剂全部去除干净,从而达到一定的色牢度.色牢度主要是指耐洗色牢度(GB/T 3921.1-1997),其评定分为变色(褪色)牢度和沾色牢度两种,沾色牢度的评定按GB/T 6151-1997.洗涤助剂(皂洗剂)在洗涤过程中起着很重要的作用,至今国内对皂洗剂与色牢度之间关系的研究文章很少,也没有十分可靠的水洗标准,实际加工时多半靠经验来判断和制定水洗工艺,很多文献资料也都把净洗剂(皂洗剂)归属于前处理助剂.而国内很多助剂厂商都生产、销售皂洗剂,品种繁多,但是都未能确切地分类,未能表明适用于何种工艺(染色还是印花)、何种纤维和何种染料.实际上根据不同纤维、染料和工艺要求,皂洗剂是完全不一样的,按其应用工艺归属于染色助剂或者印花助剂.就目前国内外皂洗剂的特性和应用特点,概述了皂洗剂和色牢度之间的关系.
The dyed or printed textiles usually need washing, soaping or reduction cleaning. Different laundering assistant was applied according to different fiber, dye and process to totally remove the loose color on the fiber surface, unfixed dyes, dyeing assistant, hydrolyzed dye and printing paste thus to obtain certain color fastness （washing fastness） （GB/T 3921.1-1997）. The assess of washing fastness includes color change（color fading） and staining, the assess of staining was performed in terms of GB/T 6151-1997. Laundering assistant（soaping agent） plays an important role in laundering procedure. There were a few articles about the relationship between soaping agent and color fastness and reliable washing standard. In practical technology, the washing process was mostly determined by experience. Detergent（soaping agent） was categorized into pretreatment assistant in most of literatures. Many assistant manufacturers produce and sell various soaping agent, but they were not be exactly classified and indicated be adequate for any process（dyeing or printing）, fiber and dye. In fact, soaping agent was totally different depends on different fiber, dye and demands of process. They should be categorized into dyeing or printing assistant. The characteristic of soaping agent at home and abroad and application feature, the relationship with color fastness was introduced.
出处
《印染助剂》
CAS
北大核心
2009年第6期1-7,共7页
Textile Auxiliaries
关键词
皂洗剂
纤维
染料
色牢度
soaping agent
fiber
dyes
color fastness
作者简介
唐增荣（1945-），男，上海人，教授级高工，从事染化料助剂的检测分析、应用研究及印染助剂特种印花的开发．
