摘要
污染物的排放方式对水环境容量的大小至关重要,不同的水环境容量条件对应不同的旅游业规模和布局,不同的旅游业规模和布局又对污染物排放方式产生较大的影响。本文根据不同污染物种类和排放模式,对泸沽湖水环境容量的一般值和保守值进行了估算,在不同水环境容量条件下模拟了旅游业人口容量的情景,并与传统方法计算的旅游人口容量进行了比较。结果表明,按完全混合模式(集中排放模式)条件下的总磷水环境容量,计算的保守旅游人口容量为15.8×104人/d;以2004年现状排放量、扩散半径30m条件下的总磷水环境容量为基础,计算的保守旅游人口容量为3.3×104人/d;按照可游览面积法计算,确定的保守旅游人口容量为3.95×104人/d。从保护湖体水环境的角度来讲,建议选择较低的旅游人口环境容量,即以分散模式布局旅游业、且以总磷水环境容量为基础计算的旅游人口容量为最高值控制旅游规模,即3.3×104人/d,可有效保护湖体水质。
Drainage pattern of pollutants can influence water environmental capacity, which can restrict the scale and the pattern of tourism planning in tourism regions. Conversely, the scale and pattern of tourism planning can change drainage pattern greatly. In this paper, the average value and the conservative value of water environmental capacity of Luguhu Lake are estimated, based on different pollutant types including total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP）, chemical oxygen demand （COD） and 5-days biochemical oxygen demand （BODs）, and different drainage patterns containing central exhaust system and separate exhaust system. Moreover, scenarios of tourism carrying capacity and its planning pattern are simulated in compliance with their water environmental capacity scenarios. Then, the results are compared with what was calculated with traditional method, calculation of suitable ecological areas for sightseeing and recreation. Results show that the average and conservative amounts of tourism carrying capacity are 200 000 and 158 000 persons per day respectively, according to the TP calculation of environmental capacity in completely central exhaust system pattern. Other average and conservative amot^nts of tourism carrying capacity in this pattern would be larger according to TN, COD or BOD5 calculation of environmental capacity,. The conservative amounts of tourism carrying capacity are 32 000, 33 000 and 34 000 persons daily, according to the TP calculation of environmental capacity calculated with drainage quantity in 2004 at 10, 30 and 50 meters as dispersion radiuses. Other conservative amounts of tourism carrying capacity in the same pattern would be larger according to TN, COD or BOD5 calculation of environmental capacity. The conservative tourism carrying capacity with the calculation method of suitable ecological areas for sightseeing and recreation is 39 500 persons a day at the tourism resident time of 7 days and the suitable ecological areas of 300 square meters. Besides an analysis on the pros and cons of these calculation methods, the relationship between water environmental capacity and tourism carrying capacity is summarized in regard to water environment protection of Luguhu Lake. The water environmental capacity was negatively correlated with the actual tourist quantity before 1999, but positively correlated afterwards. There are significant differences in calculation of tourism carrying capacity between different pollutants such as TN, TP, COD and BOD5, different drainage patterns such as central exhaust system and separate exhaust system, and different calculation methods such as the method of water environmental capacity and suitable ecological areas for sightseeing and recreation. It indicats that the scattered pattern of tourism and the tourism carrying capacity of 33 000 persons a day on the base of TP, calculation of environmental capacity could provide statistic basis for maintaining water quality of Luguhu Lake. Moreover, a management and decision system for dynamic optimization from tourism oriented to environment protection is needed in Lugu Lake area.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第6期1022-1030,共9页
Resources Science
基金
中国科学院重要方向项目(编号:KZCX3-SW-438)
国家自然科学基金(编号:70325002)
关键词
泸沽湖
环境容量
旅游容量
计量分析
Lugu Lake
Environmental capacity
Tourism carrying capacity
Quantitative analysis.
作者简介
作者简介：刘建昌，男，陕西西安人，助理研究员，从事区域污染控制、生态系统管理研究。E—mail：amoytiger@163．com
