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中国民众如何看待当前的社会不平等 被引量:223

Views of Chinese Citizens on Current Inequalities
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摘要 社会大众对于当前中国不平等的状况和趋势的不满程度如何?近年来,许多研究者和一些中国政府官员都提出,中国自1978年以来的市场改革造成的不平等状况不断加剧,普通民众对资源分配的不公非常不满、甚至愤懑。通常认为,那些从改革中获益甚微的弱势群体,特别是农民,应该对当前的不平等心存怨怒。为了考察这些看法是否属实,我们对一项于2004年在全国范围内收集的调查数据进行了分析,结果发现:首先,尽管中国受访者对当前不平等的一些方面确有微词,但是他们总体上仍倾向于认为,目前产生各种社会不平等的资源分配模式是比较公平的,尤其是在社区内部。其次,与其他一些国家的类似调查结果的比较发现,中国受访者相对而言对社会不平等批评较少,同时更容易对个人通过教育、天分和勤奋努力来实现向上流动的机会持乐观态度。再次,总体而言,农村居民受访者,尤其是从事农业的农民,相对于城市居民和职业地位较高的受访群体,反而对社会不平等状况的反应要来得和缓,他们不太认为当前的情况是过分和不公平的。由此可见,民众的客观社会经济地位并不一定能代表他们对社会不平等的主观态度,而仅仅知道基尼系数或其他一些衡量收入分配的指标,也未必就能预测社会大众对这些问题的看法。基于这些发现,本文在结论部分讨论了中国今后在社会稳定方面可能出现的问题。 Are Chinese citizens angry about current inequality patterns and trends? Many analysts contend that Chinese are increasingly angry about current inequalities, and that disadvantaged groups, and particularly farmers, are the most angry. Results of a 2004 national survey contradict this view. Most Chinese citizens view current inequalities as more fair than unfair, they are more optimistic than citizens in many other nations about the chances for ordinary individuals to improve their living standards, and in general urban residents and the well educated are more critical of current inequalities than farmers and other disadvantaged groups. Objective status characteristics and Gini inequality statistics are poor predictors of Chinese popular attitudes toward current inequalities.
作者 怀默霆
出处 《社会学研究》 CSSCI 北大核心 2009年第1期96-120,共25页 Sociological Studies
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参考文献19

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