摘要
"封建主义"一词具有多义性,这一概念的学术史是由狭义封建主义、广义封建主义和马克思主义的封建主义概念这三大理论发生和发展的历史构成的。狭义封建主义概念源于16世纪法学家对西欧中世纪"封建法"的研究,专指封臣制和封土制。广义封建主义概念是18世纪启蒙运动的产物,形成于启蒙思想家对中世纪社会的批判,由此这一概念代表整个中世纪社会。马克思主义的封建主义概念源于马克思对前资本主义社会形态的研究,封建主义至此具有生产方式的含义,代表社会形态演进的一个阶段。三大封建主义概念都有各自的学术功用,它们为认识前资本主义社会提供了不同的角度和层面,无需再以"封建"的本义否定这个词的其他含义。
The word Feudalism is ambiguous. Its academic history is made up of the occurrences and advances of feudalism in its narrow sense, in its broad sense, and the Marxist concept. The feudalism in the narrow sense comes from the studies by the jurisprudents in the 16th century on the ＂feudal laws＂ of the Western Europe in the Middle Ages. It refers particularly to vassals and fiefs. The feudalism in the broad sense is a result from the Enlightenment Movement in the 18th century. It is originated from the criticism of the society of the Middle Ages. This concept represents the whole society of the Middle Ages. The Marxist concept of feudalism comes from Marx＇s study of the pre--capitalist social constitution. It is then a notion with the meaning of production mode and hence represents a stage of the evolution of social form. Each concept has its own academic efficacy. That is, they provide different angles and levels to see the pre--capitalist society. Therefore, there is no necessity to embrace one concept as the basic one against the others.
出处
《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2008年第6期72-79,共8页
Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)
作者简介
侯树栋（1960-），男，河北省南宫市人，北京师范大学历史学院，教授。
