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学习与教学的模式十二讲

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摘要 学习与教学首先都是独立的活动,学生与教师都是独立的实体。学不等于教,教也不能代替学,但教必须促进学。所以,教学设计理论强调的是:教虽然不能代替学,但教必须围绕着学而展开,以学习者为焦点,为学习者服务,以教导学、以教促学。教学作为一种外部条件必须与学习的内部条件相适配。虽然我们可以在具体的情境中区分出是外部条件还是内部条件更为优先与迫切,但是从总体上说,我们必须牢固地确立这样一个信念:只有当内外部条件适配时,才能协同取得良好的学习成效。
作者 盛群力 宋洵
出处 《现代教学》 2008年第3期49-52,共4页 Modern Teaching
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  • 1[4]Merrill,M.D.(in press).First Principles of Instruction.:Instructional Design In Reigeluth,C.M.& Carr,A.(Eds.).Instructional Design Theories and Models Ⅲ.Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Pub.http://cito.byuh.edu/merrill/text/papers/ReigeluthCarrFirstPrinciples.pdf.
  • 2[5]Merrill,M.D(1997).Instructional Strategies that Teach,CBT Solutions Nov./Dec 1-11.
  • 3[6]Merrill,M.D.(2002),A Pebble-in-the-Pond Model for Instructional Design.Performance Improvement.41 (7)39-44.
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  • 7[10]Merrill,M.D.(In Press).Converting e sub3-learning to e 3rd power-learning:an alternative instructional design method.In Carliner S.& Shank P.(Eds.),e-Learning:Lessons Learned,Challenges Ahead(Voices from Academe and Industry).Pfeiffer/Jossey-Bass.http://cito.byuh.edu/merrill/text/papers/e3%20learning.pdf.
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  • 10M. David Merrill. Components of instruction toward a theoretical tool for instructional design[J] 2001,Instructional Science(4-5):291~310

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