摘要
本文回顾20世纪60年代到21世纪初40年间有关学科对语言与社会身份关系的认识和研究历程。早期变异语言学家认为二者具有相关和共变的关系;语用学揭示社会身份的情景性和行为性,认为身份是人在不同语境中展演合乎规约的语用行为的结果;社会心理学家阐释个人语体形成的心理原因在于身份认同与排斥;交际社会语言学认为在具体交际活动中,语言时时构筑着主体的社会身份;实践社区模式展示人在言语实践中不断学习,调整言语行为,协商和构建社会身份的过程;发展心理学放眼人生,阐述人生各阶段及各种关系中的生命身份构建、维持和变化;批评话语分析进一步揭示语言与身份的辩证关系,认为人可以遵守或违反话语规范,有意识地选择语体来建构主体身份。
This paper surveys the history of research on relationship between language and social identity. Early variationists attempted to spot the correlation and covariation between the two. Pragmatics argues for the contextuality and performativity of social identity in that identity comes as a consequence of the agent＇ s implementation on pragmatic norms. Socio-psychologists state the formation of stylistic variation on account of the psychological process of identification and distancing. Interactional sociolinguists view instantaneous interactions as the arena on which language constructs social identity. Community of practice＇ demonstrates that practice is constantly at play when one learns and adjusts his linguistic behaviour, and when he negotiates and constructs his social identities. Developmental psychology broadens our vision to the lifelong process, during which all types of identities are construtted, sustained and changed. Critical Discourse Analysts further elucidate the dialectical relationship between language and social identity, declaring that the agent makes conscious linguistic choices, on or against social norms, depending on his aim of constructing his social identity.
出处
《外语学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2007年第6期101-108,共8页
Foreign Language Research
基金
国家社会科学基金"语言权势与社会和谐:转型期中国机构语言的社会效果研究"(05BYY042)的阶段性成果
关键词
语言
身份
身份构建
language
identity
identity construction
