摘要
目的:回顾恙虫病及其媒介恙螨的研究历史,介绍研究现状及相关研究的发展趋势。方法:结合国内外研究情况,查阅大量有关恙虫病及恙螨研究的文献资料。从恙虫病流行情况、疫区分布、季节分布、病原体发现及证实、传播媒介及传染源种类与分布、恙螨的区系研究等方面进行阐述。结果:恙虫病广泛流行于日本、澳大利亚与巴基斯坦之间的广大亚太区域,疫源地包括海岛型、山林型及丘陵型,四季均有流行;恙虫病立克次体型别有10余种,各型致病力有所不同;鼠类及纤恙螨属恙螨为主要传染源及传播媒介,已发现主要鼠类传染源20余种,确定媒介恙螨6种。结论:随着恙虫病流行范围的扩大以及发病人数和频率的增多,恙螨宿主动物数量及种类丰富程度、各疫源地尤其是新发现疫源地的类型、流行季节、传染源以及媒介恙螨仍需要进一步调查,恙螨与疾病传播相关的基因及分子机制有待进一步研究。
Objective： To introduce the history, present status and future prospect of the research on chigger mite and tsutsugamushi disease. Method： On the basis of related literatures, some information about tsutsugamushi disease was introduced, including the prevalence, natural focus and seasonal fluctuation of the disease. The paper also reviewed the discovery and identification of the pathogen, vectors, infectious resource and the trombiculid mite （chigger mites） fauna, etc. Result： Tsutsugamushi disease widely distributes in Asia and Pacific regions with cases in every season. There are three types of epidemic foci： island type, forest type and hill type. More than 10 serological types of Rickttsia tsutsugamushi （the pathogen of tsutsugamushi disease） have been found. Rodents are the main infectious source of the disease while the chigger mites in genus Leptotrombidium are the main transmitting vectors. More than 20 species of rat hosts, together with 6 species of chigger mite vectors have been proved. Conclusion： With the extended epidemic foci and increased incidence, more investigations need to be done on the richness and abundance of the rat hosts of chigger mites, various foci （especially the new-born foci）, prevalent seasons, infectious source and chigger mite vectors, The chigger mite genes and its molecular mechanism related to the disease transmission still remain a question.
出处
《大理学院学报（综合版）》
CAS
2006年第12期74-77,共4页
Journal of Dali University
关键词
恙螨
恙虫病
传染源
疫源地
流行特征
恙虫病立克次体
chigger mite
tsutsugamushi disease
infectious resource
epidemic focus
epidemic character
Rickttsia tsutsugamushi
作者简介
侯舒心，（1978-），女，山东巨野人，大理学院在读硕士研究生．
指导老师
