摘要
简述了我国医学地理学的历史发展,60年代以来是我国医学地理发展最迅速的时期。特别在地方病、癌症等疾病的地理分布规律、地理流行特点、生态学特性、环境病因、病区环境改善和地理制图等方面取得了较显著的进展。并综合国内外的发展略述了医学地理的性质和任务。本文依医学地理的主要研究领域:疾病地理、健康地理、保健地理、医学地理制图等扼要地阐述了所获得的主要研究成果,其中有些受到国内外的广泛重视和关注。
The present paper related first, briefly the historical development of medical geography in China. During the period since 1960's, medical geography has got the greatest development. Especially in the aspects of endemic diseases and cancers, the significant progresses have been made in studing geographical distribution law, geographical epidemic features, ecological characteristics, environmental pathogeny, environmental improvement and medical mapping. Based on the development of the discipline at home and abroad this paper briefly related the nature and task of medical geography. As a branch of geography or a marginal discipline, medical geography deals mainly with the laws of geographical distribution of diseases and health status in population, the occurrence, pathogenicity and endemic of diseases and variance of health status in relation to geographical environment, as well as the geographically rational disposition of health care system. According to the major research fields on medical geography (geography 昽f diseases, geography of health, geography of health care, mapping of medical geography) their main achievements obtained in China have been expounded respectively. In geography of disease, following diseases are involved::
1. The diseases related with biological factors in environment, plague, schistosomiasis, brucellosis and malaria;
2. Those related with chemical factors in environment:
(1) Se-abnormality disorders including Keshan disease, Kaschin-beck disease and endemic selenosis;
(2) Iodine abnormality disorders including endemic goitre and endemic cretinism; (3) Fluoride abnormality disorders including dental caries and fluorosis;
3. The mountain sickness related with environmental physical factors; and
4. Those with complicated pathogenicity, such as cancers and cardiovascular diseases.
As regards the health geography, some geographical features of life span, longevity region, stature and abnormal hemoglobin in China, are expressed in brief. With regard to mapping of medical geography, the major results obtained were the atlases of cancers, endemic diseases, schistisomiasis and aged population. Finally, this paper looked forward to the future of medic geography.
出处
《地理学报》
EI
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
1990年第2期186-201,共16页
Acta Geographica Sinica
关键词
中国
医学
地理
地方病
研究
Medical geography
Disease ecology
Health geography
Health care geography
Endemic diseases
