摘要
本文研究了在我国东北地区广泛蔓延的菊科杂草──豚草（Ａｍｂｒｏｓｉａａｒｔｅｍｉｓｓｉｆｏｌｉａ）对大豆、玉米、小麦、水稻的化感作用。实验针对豚草的挥发物、茎叶和根的淋溶物、根区土壤水浸液等的化感活性进行了研究，研究发现豚草的挥发物对大豆和玉米的种子萌发有一定抑制作用。根区土壤对农作物无明显的作用；茎叶部分的水浸液对几种农作物的种子萌发和幼苗的幼根伸长有明显的抑制作用，同时使根系形态发生较大的变化；根系的水浸液对作物的幼芽伸长有一定的促进作用。进一步对不同的活性组分进行ＧＣ、ＧＣ／ＭＳ分析，结果表明化感活性明显的茎叶水浸液的有机物明显多于植株其它几个部分．主要成分为：α－菠烯、β－蒎烯、樟脑、桉树脑、２－冰片烯、莰烯、冰片、勺叶桉醇、法尼烯、尼丁子香酚、里那醇、３－已烯１－醇、橙花叔醇、２－甲基苄氰和环戊烷十一酸、壬二酸、３－羟基癸酸、３，４－二羟基苯甲酸等一系列有机物。由此可以发现豚草具有一定的化感作用，并主要通过挥发、雨水淋溶、根系分泌等方式向周围环境释放化感物质，影响其它植物的生长发育，而使自身蔓延生长。
Ambrosia artemisiifolia is a wide spread weed of composite in Northeast China. This paper studied the allelopathic effect of A. artemisiifolia, so as to elucidate it's spreading mecha nism and to find some ways to control it. After a series of experiments, we found some inter esting results: 1. Volatile of this weed has some inhibit effects on seeds germination of soybean and maize, the length of maize root treaed by volatile was shorter than that by control. 2. The water extract of the upper-ground part shows significant inhibitory effects on the seed germi nation and primary growth of crops(soybean, maize, wheat and rice)and produces changes in root morpha. The most sensitive species are soybean and wheat. 3.. The water extract of the under ground part has no effect on seed germination, but has a different effect on the primary growth of crops. The extract can retard 23% of the root elongation of wheat, while it stimulates 21% of bud growth. 4. Soil has no allelopathic effects on germination and growth of plants. 5. The GC and GC/MS analysis of water extract from A. artemisiifolia shows that αpinent, β-pinene, cineole, camphene, spanthueol and some others are the potential allelochem icals.As a result 9 we found A. artemisiifolia has some allelopathic effects which may be a possi ble reason for it to wide spread in the northeastern China.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1996年第1期11-19,共9页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金
大型仪器测试基金
关键词
杂草
豚草
化感作用
化感物质
Ambrosia artemisiifolia, allelopathy, Allelochemicals.
