1Lamb NE,Freeman SB,Savage A,et al. Susceptible chiasmate configurations of chromosome 21 predispose to non-disjunction in both maternal meiosis I and meiosis Ⅱ .Nat Genet, 1996,14:400-405.
2Darren KG,Michael AA,Elise AM,et al.Sex ratio in normal and disomic sperm:evidence that the extra chromosome 21 preferentially segregates with the Y chromosome. Am J Hum Genet, 1996,59:1108-1113.
3Petersen MB,Antonarakis SE,Hassold TJ,et al.Paternal nondisjunction in trisomy 21 :excess of male patients. Hum Mol Genet, 1993,10:1691-1695.
4Shen JJ,Sherman SL,Hassold TJ.Centromeric genotyping and direct analysis of nondisjunction in humans:Down syndrome. Chromosoma,1998,107(3): 166-172.
5Katsanis N ,Elizabeth MC.The gene encoding the p60 subunit of chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF1P60)maps to human chromosome 21q22,a region associated with some of the major features of Down syndrome. Hum Genet, 1996,98(40) :497-499.
6Luke K,Gandhi S,Verma RS.Conservation of the Down syndrome critical region in human and great apes. Gene, 1995,19,161 (2):283-285.
7Pinette MG,Blackstone J,Pan Y,et al. Measurement of fetal nasal width by ultrasonsgraphy. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1997,177 (4) :842-845.
8Pertl B,Yau SC,Sherlock J,et al. Rapid molecular method for prenatal detection of Down's syndrome. Lancet, 1994,343 (8907): 1197-1198.
9Vermal L,Macdonald F,Leedham P,et al. Rapid and simple prenatal DNA diagnosis of Down's syndrome. Lancet, 1998,352: 9-12.
10Brydorf T,Chritesen B,Xiang Y,et al.Rapid detection of numberical aberrations of chromosome 13,18 ,and 21 in chorionic mesenchymal cells. Prenat Diagn, 1993,13 ( 9 ): 815-823.
7Jodi SD,Diane MT,Rigoberto SR,et al.Alpha-fetoprotein detection of neural tube defects and the impact of standard ultrasound.Am J Obstet Gynecol,2006,195:1623-1628.
8wald NJ,et al. First and second trimester antenatal screening for DownS syndrome: the results of the seram,urine and ultrasound screeningstudy (SURUSS)[J ] . Health Techol Assess,2003,7(11):1 -77.
9Catanzarite VA, Jelovesek FR. Computing applications in obsterics[J ]. Am J Obstet Gynecol ,1987,156:1049.
10Nicolaides KH. Nuchal translucency and other rst - trimester sono-graphic markers of chromosomal abnormalities[ J ]. Am J Obstet Gy-neco,2004,191(1):45 -67.