摘要
甘薯是世界上重要的粮食、饲料和工业原料作物,由于遗传改良进展缓慢,转基因技术逐渐成为研究的热点,并应用于常规育种中去。到目前为止,甘薯已利用叶片、叶柄、茎、原生质体、愈伤组织、新鲜块根、胚性愈伤组织和胚性悬浮细胞系作为遗传转化受体材料,其中早期以叶片、叶柄为主,目前利用胚性愈伤组织和胚性悬浮细胞系作为转化受体的研究越来越多。用于甘薯遗传转化的方法有农杆菌介导法、电击法和基因枪法,其中以根癌农杆菌介导法为主。最初甘薯遗传转化外源基因表达频率很低,随着转化条件研究的深入,转化频率得到较大的提高,越来越多的目的基因被应用到甘薯遗传转化中去。到目前已有抗虫、抗病毒、抗病、抗除草剂和品质改良等五大类基因转入甘薯基因组中,并且获得了转基因植株。尽管甘薯遗传转化取得了一定的进展,但目前仍缺乏一个有效的遗传转化体系,获得的转基因植株数量有限,还不能应用于生产。存在转化基因型有限、外源基因匮乏、转化方法单一、标记基因存留的问题,以及还不清楚外源基因在转基因植株中的遗传规律等。因此,本文从甘薯遗传转化受体系统、主要转化方法、转化系统以及有益农艺性状基因的应用等对甘薯遗传转化现状进行了综述,分析了目前存在的问题,以及未来甘薯遗传转化研究方向和发展?
Sweetpotato is a very important crop of foodstuff, feedstuff and industrial material in the world. More and more researchers are working at transgenic researching and apply it to the general breeding. By for now, some materials, such as leaf, petiole, stem, protoplast, callus, fresh storage root, embryo callus and embryo suspension cell, are used to transformation. Among these, leaf and petiole are the main acceptance in the earlier stage, and now, more and more researchers use embryo callus or embryo suspension cell as acceptance. Three methods are used to sweetpotato transformation, which are Agrobacterium-mediated method, electroporation-mediated method, and microprojectile bombardment-mediated method. Among these methods, Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated method is the dominating. The expression frequency of foreign genes is very low at the beginning of sweetpotato transformation. As more and more researching of transformation conditions, the transformation frequency has enhanced, and more and more target genes were applied to sweetpotato. Five kinds of genes, including insect resistance, anti-viruses, disease resistance, anti-herbicide, and quality improvement, were transferred to sweetpotato genome, and the transgenic plants were gained now. Though gaining improvement, it is absent an efficient transformation system yet. Limited genotypes, few target genes, single transformation method, and the existing of marker genes in transgenic plants genome have not solved now. And we have not known the genetic of target genes in transgenic plants. For these reasons, this paper summarized genetic transformation on sweetpotato from acceptance materials, main-transformation methods, transformation system, and application of target genes, analyzed problems, and viewed the progress in the future.
出处
《分子植物育种》
CAS
CSCD
2005年第1期99-106,共8页
Molecular Plant Breeding
基金
国家863项目2003AA207140、2004AA241180资助
