摘要
东海的环境面临着长江流域及沿海地区人类活动和污染增长的巨大威胁。对自然资源的不合理利用及短期经济目标导致了环境在相当短的时间内出现了严重退化,现在已达到威胁沿海人民生命和健康的程度。主要污染物是无机氮、磷酸盐、石油类、有机物及重金属。营养物导致了沿海水域和河口的富营养化,常常引发赤潮。长江流域的环境污染直接影响了东海的海洋环境状况。稳定的河流来水在河口与海洋咸水混合,河流带来的泥沙平衡了三角洲及相邻地区的海洋侵蚀,这样,生态系统稳定性才能得到维持。长江流域的大规模调水及大坝的修建将改变这种基础。东海面临的挑战是扭转正在发生的负面过程,保持生态系统平衡。主要任务是把社会经济与环境决策结合起来,以促进可持续发展。需要更好地了解造成这些环境压力的社会驱动力,以克服这些障碍。国际合作也许能为促进进步作出重要贡献,尤其是,国际合作是取得良好进展和获得资金、技术、科学及人力资源的途径。
The environment of East China Sea (ECS) has been faced by huge stresses from anthropogenic activities and population growth in the Yangtze River drainage basin and the areas along the coasts.Improper use of natural resources and short-term economic objectives have resulted in severe environmental degradation in a fairly short time frame and the degradation has now reached a level where the health and well being of the coastal populations are threatened.The main pollutants are inorganic nitrogen,phosphate,oil hydrocarbons,organic matters and heavy metals.Nutrients cause eutrophication of the coastal waters and the estuarine area and very often stimulate the occurrence of red tides.The environmental pollution of Yangtze River basin directly impact on the state of the marine environment in the ECS.The ecosystem stability is maintained by a steady water discharge from the river,that mixes with the marine salty water in the estuary,and the sediment loads from the river that balance ocean erosion in the delta and its adjacent coastal area.The large-scale water transfer and dam constructions in the Yangtze River basin will change this basis.For the ECS the challenge is to reverse the negative processes taking place and to restore ecosystem balance.The main challenge is to integrate socioeconomic and environmental decision making in order to promote sustainable development.A better understanding of the driving forces in society that cause these environmental pressures is required in order to overcome these obstacles.International cooperation may be an important contributor to the progress and in particular provide access to financial,technological,scientific and human resource assistance.
