摘要
采用Frye和Zelazo等 (1996 )所设计的“二进二出”装置 (斜面滚球装置 ) ,设置了不同的推理方向、规则维度的因果推理任务 ,采用个别实验法 ,研究了 6 0名 3.5～ 4 .5岁儿童因果推理能力的发展。结果发现 :(1)儿童在不同方向的因果推理任务上成绩差异显著 ,因→果推理成绩要好于果→因推理 ;(2 )不同维度下儿童的推理成绩有极显著的差异性 ,一维的因果推理更容易 ,三维合取规则的因果推理任务更难 ;(3) 3.5～ 4岁左右是儿童因果推理能力发展的快速期。
This experiment studied the development of causal reasoning in 66 3.5- to 4.5-year-olds using a ramp apparatus with two input holes and two output holes (Frye et al., 1995). Results revealed that (1) children performed better on cause-effect inferences than on effect-cause inferences; (2) there was an effect of rule complexity such that uni-dimensional causal inferences were easier than bi-dimensional inferences which, in turn, were easier than tri-dimensional causal inferences; and (3) children's causal reasoning develops rapidly between the ages of age of 3.5 to 4 years.
出处
《心理学报》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2004年第5期550-557,共8页
Acta Psychologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金青年项目 3 990 0 0 46
全国教育科学十五规划教育部重点课题DBA0 10 164的部分工作
关键词
因果认知
因果推理
规则维度
推理方向
认知发展
causal reasoning, rule dimensions, reasoning directions, cognitive development.
