摘要
实验采用 p H2 .0、2 .5、3.0、3.5、4 .0、5 .0模拟酸雨处理培养皿中的水稻 (Oryza sativa)、小麦 (Triticum aestivum)、油菜(Brassica chinensis var. oleifera) 3类抗性种子 ,每皿 5 0粒 ,置恒温培养箱内萌发 (2 5℃ ) ,每天更换 1次酸雨 ,处理与对照均 3次重复。定时测定酸雨胁迫强度、胁迫时间对种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、异状发芽率 ,吸水值、呼吸速率、贮藏物质运转效率、贮藏物质消耗率、根长抑制指数与芽长抑制指数的影响。结果表明 ,当酸雨胁迫强度 p H=2 .0～ 2 .5时 ,因胁迫强度过高 ,3类抗性种子皆不萌发 ;胁迫强度 p H≥ 3.0时 ,3类抗性种子 5项萌发指标的变幅是水稻 <小麦 <油菜 ;酸雨伤害阈值是水稻 (p H3.0～ 3.5 ) <小麦 (p H3.5～ 4 .0 ) <油菜 (p H4 .0～ 5 .0 ) ;当胁迫强度 (p H)≥ 2 .5时 ,3类抗性种子 6项生理指标的变幅是水稻 <小麦 <油菜 ,其生理反应阈值 (p H≥ 2 .0 ) <萌发反应阈值 (p H≥ 3.0 ) ;3类抗性种子贮藏物质消耗率、贮藏物质运转率 ,根长抑制指数及芽长抑制指数对酸雨胁迫时间的响应 (组间达到差异显著水平 )时间是 :水稻 (7d、7d,3d、3d)≥小麦 (6 d、6 d,3d、3d)≥油菜 (3d、4 d,3d、3d) ;3类抗性种子对酸雨胁迫强度与胁迫时间的耐受性差异 (
The responses of seed germination of 3 kinds of seeds on acid rain stress, in which rice (Oryza.sativa), wheat (Triticum. aestivum) and rape (Brassica chinensis var. oleifera) seeds were used as experimental materials, were investigated. The purpose was to understand the effects of acid rain on seed germination of various acid-fast plants in acidic deposition area and to determine the reasons of the reasons of growth and decline dynamics of crop population and its yield change. Six simulated acid rain (SAR) solutions of pH 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0 and 5.0 and neutral solution (pH6.5) as control group were used in this study. Pretreatment seeds of three species were placed in culture dishes with filter sheets to germinate in a culture container kept at a constant temperature of 25℃,in which each treatment group involved three dishes and each dish received 50 seeds. During germination, seeds were exposed to simulated acid rain that was replaced everyday. The germination indexes (percentage germination, germination energy, germination index, vigor index, percentage of abnormal germination) and physiological activities indexes (water absorption rate, respiratory rate, storage reserve loss rate, storage reserve transformation rate, inhibition index of root length, inhibition index of shoot length) were all studied under acid rain stress in both experiments. The results showed that seed germination was inhibited significantly in high acidity strength (pH2.0~2.5) for the three species. When pH≥3.0, the former four germination indexes of the three species increased in relation with decreasing acidity strength. The amplitude difference of each index was that rice (4.00%, 4.00%, 8.60%, 35.90%, respectively)<wheat (10.00%, 9.33%, 12.91%, 51.60%, respectively)<rape (16.67%, 10.67%, 21.44%, 54.71%, respectively). In contrast, the percentage of abnormal germination of rice and wheat decreased with decreasing acidity strength. The injury threshold values were rice (pH3.0~3.5)<wheat (pH3.5~4.0)<rape (pH4.0~5.0). About pH2.5~5.0, the experimental data of physiological aspects (water absorption rate, respiratory rate, storage reserve loss rate, storage reserve transformation rate) were the similar. The amplitude difference of each index were rice (4.84%, 73.03%, 6.88%, 9.21%, respectively)<wheat (6.65%, 83.87%, 12.45%, 13.07%, respectively)<rape (10.38%, 87.50%, 12.56%, 15.70%, respectively). At pH range of 3.0~5.0, the maximum extent of inhibition against acid rain on root and shoot was that rice (78.66%, 12.84%, respectively)<wheat (80.89%, 34.32%, respectively)<rape (85.07%, 56.36%, respectively). In other acidity strength, the extent of inhibition trend was also observed. The threshold value of physiological activities (pH≥2.0) was lower than that of germination (pH≥3.0). The responses on acid rain stress of storage reserve loss and transform rate, inhibition index of root and shoot length of the three species indicated that the significant difference of each indexes was perceptible between treatment groups was that rice (7d, 7d, 3d, 3d)≥wheat (6d, 6d, 3d, 3d)≥rape(3d, 4d, 3d, 3d). The experimental data further evidenced that plants could display different sensitivity under acid rain stress, in which rice had stronger resistance than wheat, and rape was more susceptible to acid rain than rice and wheat.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2004年第9期2029-2036,共8页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家计委基金资助项目 ( GJX0 110 0 62 6)
江苏省科技厅基金资助项目 ( BG2 0 0 10 45)~~
关键词
酸雨胁迫
水稻
小麦
油菜
萌发
acid rain stress
rice
wheat
rape
germination
