摘要
为探讨中国古代青铜器表面镀锡技术,利用矿相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱分析仪和X射线晶体衍射分析等方法,对我国北方青铜文化地区、古代巴蜀地区与古滇地区出土的春秋战国至西汉初(公元前5～前2世纪)47件青铜器表面镀锡层进行观察、成分及结构分析。结果显示,青铜器表面存在厚度不等的镀锡层,具有铸态组织,有明显热镀迹象。镀锡层成分为高锡的铜锡合金,主要物相组成有金属间化合物Cu_(41)Sn_(11)等铜锡合金相和SnO_2。结合实验室模拟热镀锡实验,初步认为古代青铜器表面镀锡层是采用热镀锡方法形成的,工艺可以有热浸、热涂等多种。通过比较宁夏固原、四川巴蜀地区和云南青铜器表面镀锡层的厚度、组织和结构,发现三者之间存在一定差异,表明在镀锡工艺上可能有所不同,还从工艺角度对古代镀锡技术在中国的起始应用和传播进行了初步探索。
21 tinning bronze samples were observed and analyzed by optical microscope,petrography microscope, scanning electron microscope(SEM),X-ray energy dispersive spectrum meter(EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) instrument.The samples unearthed from Guyuan of Ningxia province,Chengdu and Mianzhu of Sichuan province and Yunnan province were dated to the fifth-second century B.C.The results show that although the sam- ples came from different regions,they have some common characteristics as follows,(1) The tinning layers with different thicknesses were existed.(2)The layers shown casting structures and hot tinning appearances.(3)Tin content of the layers was very high.(4)Cu_(41)Sn_(11)and other Intermetallic compounds as well as SnO_2 were main substance in the layers.Some imitating experiments of hot-tinning were carried out in laboratory.Basing on the results of experiments and the analysis of tinning layers,it is suggested that the formation of the tin-rich layers was by hot-tinning method and several ways for tinning processes,such as hot-dip and hot-wipe etc.By comparing thickness,microstructure and phases in the tinning layers of bronzes came from above three different regions,it is found that some differences were existed between Yunnan and the other two regions,indicating they probably used different hot-tinning processes.A discussion about initial use and diffusion of tinning techniques in ancient China is made in this paper.
出处
《文物保护与考古科学》
2008年第S1期41-52,共12页
Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology
关键词
镀锡
青铜器
金属间化合物
Tinning
Bronze
Intermetallic compound
