摘要
概率论是数学中描述“机遇”现象的一个分支,导源于十六、七世纪关于博奕的推测。本世纪来,对于飘忽不定现象的概率性的描写已渗入许多学科以及科学技术的每个分支。概率的知识已成为培养学生掌握现代科学技术的一个重要部分,我国小学数学开始渗透了概率统计思想,一些中学的实验教材也适当增添了概率论与数理统计的简单内容。但中学生掌握概率概念的特点,小学生甚至学前儿童可否接受初级概率知识,则未见专门的研究。
The development of 5 to 15-yr-oldchildren's concept of probabilities 1/2;1/3;1/6 and 2/3 was experiment-ally tested.Tile results show:1)Thecoacept of probability may develop earl-ier or later,depending on the degreeof complexity of the task.Children'sconcept of simple probability developsmore rapidly from about the tenth yearon.2)Generally speaking,childrenacquire the knowledge of probabilitythrough three successive steps:knowingthe possibility of the occurrence ofevents and the random distribution ofobjects,the relative magnitude of pos-sibilities,and finally the concept ofprobability itself.3)Suggestions withspeech,relevant drawings or physicalobjects can promote childrent s knowledgeof probability to a certain degree and 4)The cognitive behavior of children'ssolving probability problems can bedivided into five levels,including theinteraction of perception,image andconcept.
基金
全国儿童认知发展研究协作组1982年的研究项目
