摘要
本文对于汉代大赋名篇《七发》的创作背景、创作过程、创作动机及其构思的特点，都提出不同于前人的新看法。文中的“楚太子”、“吴客”云云并非向壁虚造，而是反映了汉初吴楚两国之事。枚乘青年时仕于吴王濞，高后之时楚元王之太子辟非有病，先于楚元王而卒，枚乘作为吴王的门客而受命探病，讲述广陵观涛等以娱其心，为《七发》创作之始。后吴王濞有谋逆之心，而事尚隐密，故邹阳、枚乘均借事设喻，委婉地加以劝阻。《七发》中所谈养生保寿的道理同枚乘两次上吴王书所反映的思想一致。《七发》在开头和结尾都提出要向太子讲论“要言妙道”，实际却没有讲，乃是以此为由头，希望当面陈述一些关系重大的话，采用了文内文外结合的办法。正由于其实质在以此为“语端”进而谈政治上安身立命的道理，故才说到“持筹而算之，万不失一”。论文还对枚乘生平作了考述，此亦为以往学者所未及。
Abstract This paper deals with the well known text
of important fu writings in the Han Dynasty “Seven Ways to Enlighten the Prince on his
Behaviors”.It holds that “crown prince of Chu State”,“the visitor from Wu
State”,etc.mentioned in this text of fu, are not ones of sheer fabrication,but a reflection on
interactions between Wu State and Chu State in the early period of the Han Dynasty.When in
his youth,Mei Cheng began to fill an office under Crown Prince Bi of Wu State.At the time when
Empress Gao was still alive,and Prince Pifei,whose father was Prince Yuan of Chu State,fell ill
and died before his father,Mei Cheng,being a hanger on of Prince of Wu State,was once entitled
to visit Crown Prince Pifei and was telling him of watching great waves in Guanglin in order to
please his heart,and this is the beginning of writing“ Seven Ways to Enlighten the Prince on
his Behaviors”. Afterwards,Prince Bi of Wu State started conspiring a rebellion against the
central government.In order to dissuade him from carrying it out,both Zou Yang and Mei Cheng
made analogical use of the plot under consideration to enlighten him on his action in a round
about way.Both at the beginning and the end of this piece of fu writing,it is suggested that
“essential and witty remarks be presented to the crown prince,but actually it does not happen
in the text.This is because such suggestion is used as a pretext for gaining an easier access to
a face to face talk with Prince of Wu State in which to make some important statements,a
combination of presenting ones views both within and outside the text.This is used in the text
as the“thread of discourse”in talking about the importance of “settling down and getting on
ones work”in political affairs,so that mention is made of“when you have bamboo chips to
count by,you will undergo no risk at all of losing any single one”.
出处
《西北师大学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
1999年第1期4-11,106,共9页
Journal of Northwest Normal University(Social Sciences)
