摘要
英美证据法上关于品格证据运用的规则十分复杂。表面上看,以品格来证明案件事实的做法原则上是不容许的。但是,该原则充斥着如此多的例外,并且新的例外还在不断地增加,以致原则已经被例外所淹没,从而成为了例外。因此,普通法上的品格证据排除法则似乎濒临灭绝。如同抢救濒危动物一样,品格证据排除法则也需要抢救。基于此,英美的法学家们从各个角度论证品格证据排除法则的正当性,指出品格证据排除法则不仅存在着法律政策方面的理论基础,而且存在着从非理性审判转向理性审判的历史渊源,反映着新教伦理方面的宗教精神,体现着个人主义、意思自治等方面的哲学基础。
The rules concerning the use of character evidence in Anglo - American evi- dence law are very complicated.Ostensibly,it is a principle that character evidence shall not be admitted to prove action in conformity therewith on a particular occasion.However,there are so many exceptions to this rule and new exceptions are still in coming that the principle of excluding character evidence is no longer a principle,but an exception of the rule of including character evidence.Therefore,the so called exclusion rule of character evidence in Anglo - A- merican law is on the edge of being abolished,and just like surviving species that are on the edge of annihilation,the rule of excluding character evidence also needs to be salved.To do that,legal scholars justify the character exclusion rule from varieties of perspectives.They at- gue not only that this rule is underpinned by plenty of legal policies,but that it embodies a his- torical transformation from irrational trial to rational trial,responds the Protestant Theology, and signifies the philosophy of individualism and human autonomy.
出处
《清华法学》
2007年第2期88-110,共23页
Tsinghua University Law Journal
关键词
品格证据
排除规则
运用规则
character evidence
exclusionarg rules
their application
