摘要
本文探讨了美国侵权法领域新近出现的一种诉讼,为我们了解国外侵权法领域的动态提供了很好的例子。文章既详细描述了这种公共侵扰侵权之诉,该诉求寻求让产品制造商为大规模的社会疾病承担责任,又对不同法院对此给出的不同答案以及引起的争论进行了评析。文章最后指出了公共侵扰侵权的五个关键性限制要素,它们来自于长期的历史发展和最近判例法的发展,分析这些因素可以得出结论:公共侵扰不应当成为一种将原告武装起来,向产品制造商提出损害赔偿之诉的理论,无论原告是政府还是个人。
This article discusses a new kind of suit that appears in the Ameri- can tort law,providing us a good example to understand the developments of foreign tort law.The article describes the recent emergence of the public nuisance tort as a claim in lawsuits seeking to hold product manufacturers liable for large-scale social ills,and also comments on the different answer to this question by different court and the quarrels among them.Finally the article outlines the five critical boundaries of the tort of public nuisance derived from its long history and more recent case law and applies these criteria to reach the conclusion that public nuisance is not a theory that should be used to enable a plaintiff,whether a government plaintiff or a private one,to recover damages in an action against a product manufacturer.
出处
《北大法律评论》
2006年第1期381-454,共74页
Peking University Law Review
关键词
公共侵扰
大规模产品侵权责任
产品责任
public nuisance
mass products liability tort
product liability
