摘要
目的 HIV/AIDS罹患已成为全球危害公众生命健康、危及社会稳定的病毒性传染疾病,作者旨在研究当今中国公众对HIV/AIDS罹患者的心理容忍、支持和关怀程度。方法搜取1998年2月—1999年12月,《中国性病艾滋病防治》、《中国健康教育》和《预防医学文献信息》等核心刊物上发表的公众对HIV/MIDS的社会心理认知论著,对涉及到的医务工作者、知识界层人士和从事服务行业的劳动者具有的HIV/AIDS知识、态度和信念作现况评述。结果中国对HIV/AIDS罹患的社会心理容忍、支持和关怀程度差,表现为普遍地歧视、憎恶和抛弃,仅有少数表示同情和理解。同时,HIV/AIDS罹患者生存时间与其所获取的社会心理支持成正比。结论中国对HIV/MIDS罹患者的社会心理容忍、支持和关怀程度低与罹患者本人社会心理支持需求高形成强烈反差,正在成为21世纪中国社会公共卫生和精神障碍问题之一。公众对HIV/AIDS医学问题的社会认知水平普遍不高、心理认知不正确是产生偏见、歧视的社会根源。反对歧视HIV/AIDS罹患者,提高社会心理认知水平,促进社会对患者的心理支持和承诺,研究立法、依法为患者提供医疗并规范其行为,保障患者及其有关人员的合法权益应是整体控制HIV/AIDS这一公共卫生和社会精神障碍问题的今后对策。
Objective HIV/AIDS attack has become the viral infectious disease threatens public health and social stable. The author intended to study the degree of the current China's public psychoso-cial tolerance,support and concern for HIV/AIDS patients.
Method To select from February 1998 to December 1999 the Psychosocial cognition papers about HIV/AIDS published on the core publications, such as'China STD and AIDS Prevention' ,'Chinese Joural of Health Education' and 'Preventive Medical Literature Information'and so on, conduct current study to the HIV/AIDS 'knowledge, attitude and practice' of the three kinds of target group concerning medical workers, intellectual and people of service trades.
Result The degree of the psychosocial tolerance, support and concern for HIV/AIDS attack from China's public is quite bad, and with the public's discrimination,abhorrence and abandon.Only few people shew sympathy and understanding. However, the existing length of HIV/AIDS patient himself is up to the psychosocial support. Conclusion The low degree of the psychosocial tolerance, support and concern in China for HIV/ AIDS attack is in sharp contrast with the poor psychosocial support which received by the patient himself. And the above - mentioned phenomenon has becoming one of the public health and psychosocial disorder problems in China.The social reason of the bias and discrimination is due to the low degree of the public HIV/AIDS medical knowledge and the improper npsychosocial cognition. The next step strategy resolving the public health problem and the psychosocial disorder of the HIV/AIDS attack is to oppose discrimination to HIV/AIDS attack person, to improve the level of psychosocial cogntion, to promote the psychosocial support and promise, to study the concerning law, to serve the patients and behave their activities according to the law, and to preserve the patients'legitimate rights and interests and the persons'concerned.
