摘要
目的 综述近 10 年,特别是近 5 年以来真实航天和地面模拟微重力环境影响脑认知功能及其潜在机制的主要研究成果,并展望未来研究方向,以期为今后航天失重环境影响航天员认知功能的深入研究提供参考思路. 资料来源与选择 国内外该领域及相关领域的研究论文和专著.资料引用 国内外公开发表的文献 64 篇. 资料综合 较长期处于微重力环境可使人体液头向转移、肌肉萎缩、骨质疏松、免疫力下降及认知学习记忆衰退等机体受损或功能障碍,而航天员能否准确高效地执行航天任务与其认知或学习记忆功能密切相关.从宏观角度讲,微重力环境会造成人体认知相关脑区灰质、脑区激活强度与范围发生变化,但从认知行为观察影响并不明显.并且失重会造成动物的空间、位置学习记忆能力有所下降.进一步从微观角度总结,微重力会造成不同种类神经细胞形态发生变化,与认知相关脑区的基因、蛋白、神经递质差异性表达. 结论 微重力环境会造成人体与认知相关脑区灰质体积减少,认知行为发生改变,但会出现适应性改变.模拟失重使动物认知行为与相关基因蛋白等发生不同程度变化,也会造成神经细胞大小、形状等发生改变,氧化应激增加.
Objective To summarize the research progress on cognitive function of brain and the potential mechanism in space flight and in ground simulated microgravity by reviewing the research results in past 10 years(especially in past 5 years),to foresee the future research directions,and to provides a reference for the in-depth study of the cognitive function of astronauts.Literature resource and selection Domestic and international papers and monographs in this field and related fields.Literature quotation Sixty-four published research papers and reviews were cited.Literature synthesis Long-term microgravity can induce brain damage or dysfunction,such as fluid cephalad transferred,muscle atrophy,osteoporosis,decline of immunity and cognitive decline.Whether astronauts execute space missions accurately and efficiently is closely related to their cognitive or learning and memory functions.From a microscopic point of view,this paper briefly summarized that microgravity can change the gray matter and the intensity and range of activation of the brain areas related to human cognition,but the effect is not obvious from the perspective of cognitive behavior.Moreover,weightlessness can result in the decrease of spatial and location learning and memory abilities of animals,and the differential expression of genes,proteins and neurotransmitters in the brain areas related to human cognition.It is further concluded that microgravity can cause changes in the morphology of different types of nerve cells from a microscopic point of view.Conclusions Microgravity can cause the decrease in the volume of gray matter in the human brain and cognate regions,and cognitive behavior changes,but the adaptive changes.The animal model studies have showed that the simulated microgravity would cause the varying degree changes on cognitive behavior and the relevant gene proteins,the changes on the size and shape of nerve cells and increases oxidative stress.
作者
杨佳佳
梁蓉
万柏坤
王玲
明东
Yang Jiajia;Liang Rong;Wan Baikun;Wang Ling;Ming Dong(School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin300072,China;Institute of Medical Engineering&Translational Medicine,Tianjin University,Tianjin300072,China)
出处
《中华航空航天医学杂志》
CSCD
2019年第1期64-71,共8页
Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB1300302)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(81871517)
天津市青年基金项目(17JCQNJC10500).
关键词
失重
失重模拟
认知
记忆障碍
综述
Weightlessness
Weightlessness simulation
Cognition
Memory disorders
Review
作者简介
通信作者:明东,Email:richardming@tju.edu.cn
