摘要
五四前後,在文言與白話的鬥争浪潮中,現代漢語的正式語體也以其獨立身份得到發展并逐漸成熟.本文基於近十餘年提出并不斷發展的語體語法理論,提出:首先,現代漢語的正式語體是語體語法生物交際屬性的必然産物,是用韻律形式的標體功能替换了"古今律"下的正式體文言形式;其次,正式語體萌芽於大量的雙音節正式體詞彙進入傳統文言篇章中,使得單音節詞構建的文言體系分崩離析,形成"没有雙步律,不成正式體"的語體結構;第三,正式語體的基本與首要構體單位是"形式—功能對生機制"派生的"平衡律體原子",以音步爲單位組成[(Fσσ)w(Fσσ)s]相對凸顯結構,形成"没有雙步律,不成正式句"的正式體形式;最後,平衡律體原子可以派生一系列的"語體—韻律—句法"現象,據此展現出其在"三維語法"下所發揮的重大體原子效應.
Around the period of May Fourth Movement,in the processes of writing in vernacular Chinese instead of literary Chinese,the formal register of Modern Chinese has also developed independently and gradually matured.Based on the theory of stylistic-register grammar proposed in the past ten more years,this thesis puts forward the following viewpoints.First,the formal register of Modern Chinese is the inevitable product of the biological nature in communication.It replaces the literary Chinese with the prosodic form instead of the principle of Ancient-Modern Distance(古今律)by means of register formality.Second,the formation of formal register is due to the introduction of a large number of disyllabic formal vocabularies into the literary Chinese,which causes the collapse of the monosyllabic system of literary Chinese.In this way,the formal register becomes,unconsciously,a new form“double-feet prosody”,that a new formal style is born.It is shown,then,that the basic and primary register atom(體原子)of the formal register confirms with the Principle of Balance of Two-Feet Formation(PBTFF,雙步平衡律)derived from the“Innateness of Form-Function Correspondence”(形式-功能對生律).As a result,the primary register atom is composed of two feet as a relative prominence unit[(Fσσ)w(Fσσ)s].Finally,the PBTFF gives rise to a series of phenomenon with the system of“register-prosody-syntax”,which shows its important atomic effects under the“Trinitarian Grammatical System”.
出处
《汉语史学报》
2022年第1期161-180,共20页
Journal of Chinese Language History
基金
教育部人文社會科學研究青年基金項目(17YJC740096)的資助
关键词
正式語體
文言形式
雙步平衡律
體原子
句法效應
formal register
literary Chinese
the principle of balance of two-feet formation
register atom
syntactic effects
作者简介
劉麗媛,通信地址:荷蘭萊頓大學語言學中心,郵編:2311BE,E-mail:18813141016@163.com
