日语空间表达“处所に”“处所で”习得情况的动态发展——以句式差异为中心

The dynamic development of the acquisition of Japanese spatial expressions“location+ni”and“location+de”:Focusing on constructional differences

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摘要日语空间表达的习得备受关注,但鲜有研究深入探讨不同句式的句法语义特征对习得的影响。本研究通过问卷调查了不同句法语义特征对不同阶段日语学习者“处所に”和“处所で”习得的影响,发现:动词自他性、「に」的必有论元属性、谓语性质、主语名词性质、处所名词空间属性的影响显著;从发展的角度来看,“处所に+名词がある”“处所に+自动词”“处所に+他动词”“处所で+动词”随着学习深入而得到稳步改善,“处所に+认知类动词”有所改善但进步缓慢,“处所に+‘致使留存’义他动词”“处所で+名词がある”则长期进步、波动、后退共存。本研究的调查结果证实了句式的习得不足与词义或构式义相关,结论将为改善句式教学、深化句式习得研究提供一定的启示。 The acquisition of spatial expression has attracted much attention,but limited research have delved deeply into the influence of syntactic and semantic features of different constructions.This study,using“location+ni”and“location+de”as examples,investigates the influence of different syntactic and semantic features on the acquisition of Japanese by learners at different developmental stages.The findings can be summarized in two main aspects:(1)the transitivity of the verb,the necessity of case particle“ni”,the nature of the predicate,the nature of the subject noun,and the spatial attribute of the location noun significantly impact the usage of“location+ni”and“location+de”;(2)from a developmental perspective,the acquisition of“location+ni+noun+ga+aru”“location+ni+intransitive verb”“location+ni+transitive verb”and“location+de+verb”has shown steady improvement as Japanese proficiency increases.Meanwhile,the acquisition of“location+ni+cognitive verb”has been improved,but the progress is relatively slow.However,the acquisition of“location+ni+causative transitive verb”and“location+de+noun”coexists with progress,fluctuation,and regression for an extended period time.The findings of this study confirm that insufficient acquisition of constructions is related to semantic properties or constructional meanings,and provide enlightenment for improving construction teaching and deepening the study of construction acquisition.

作者杨晓敏程文曦 Yang Xiaomin;Cheng Wenxi

机构地区复旦大学

出处《高等日语教育》 2023年第2期71-87,182-183,共19页 Advanced Japanese Language Education

基金 2019年国家社会科学基金一般项目《基于纵向语料库的日语学习者产出性词汇能力发展实证研究》(批准号:19BYY202)的阶段性研究成果。

关键词处所に处所で句式差异动态发展习得研究 location+ni location+de constructional differences dynamic development acquisition

分类号 H36 [语言文字—日语]

作者简介杨晓敏,通讯地址:(200433)上海市杨浦区邯郸路220号复旦大学文科楼212,电子邮箱:yangxiaomin@fudan.edu.cn;程文曦,通讯地址:(200433)上海市杨浦区邯郸路220号复旦大学文科楼422,电子邮箱:22210120024@m.fudan.edu.cn