摘要
随着明代科举制度的成熟,以依经按传、纯正典雅为重要特征的科举文体逐渐定型;而与此同时,科举作文"奇诡"的问题也日益突显。嘉靖始,最高统治阶层从政教层面提出"正文体"的要求;万历时,进一步加大釐正力度,并将之纳入行政运作。然而,文体大坏的问题愈演愈烈,积弊难返。究其原因,表面上看来是因为"正文体"政令执行不力;推详而深论之,"正文体"忽视了文学通变求新、适时自化的自身规定性,其屡"正"少功有其客观必然性。"正文体"不只是文学自身的单项事件,更是政制与文学之间性的典型个案,其文学意味颇可研味。
With the development of imperial examination system in Ming Dynasty,typological texts,which were represented as pure and elegant according to the classics and biographies,gradually formed as well as the eccentric problems had been arising.Since the time of the eleventh emperor of Ming Dynasty,the oppressing class put forward the rectification-policy in the aspect of education.Since the time of the thirteenth emperor,it continues,intensifies and accepts the policy into the official administration system.Hence,with the increasing number of deteriorated typological texts,efforts work in vain.It would be apparently concluded that the policy did not function as expected and planned,while actually it was of the natural result of the lack of some properties such as creativity,adaptability and renovation.The rectification-policy is not only one single literary event in history,but also one case fused by both political system and literature.
出处
《古代文学理论研究》
2020年第1期440-459,共20页
Studies of Ancient Chinese Literary Theory
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国古代文学制度研究”(项目编号17ZDA238)阶段性成果
关键词
科举文
奏议
正文体
行政运作
文学间性
imperial examination system
memorial to the emperor
rectification
administrational function
inter-literature
