摘要
【目的】探索不同施肥模式对整治稻田水稻生长及水肥利用的影响,为整治稻田水肥管理提供科学依据。【方法】采用盆栽试验方法,采集4个整治稻田供试土壤(S1、S2、S3、S4),设置4种施肥模式(CF平衡化肥、CF-LM低量有机肥替代化肥、CF-HM高量有机肥替代化肥和CK(对照)不施肥),研究了不同供试土壤和施肥模式对水稻生长、产量及构成因子、水分利用效率和肥料利用效率的影响。【结果】与CK相比,平衡化肥、低量有机肥替代化肥和高量有机肥替代化肥均能显著增加水稻分蘖数,提高水稻剑叶长、剑叶宽和剑叶面积。等养分投入条件下,平衡化肥处理水稻籽粒产量较低量有机肥替代化肥和高量有机肥替代化肥处理显著增加,平均分别提升了39.1%和175.4%。各处理水稻水分利用效率和肥料利用效率均以平衡化肥处理最高,其次为低量有机肥替代化肥和高量有机肥替代化肥处理。路径分析显示,有效穗数、穗粒数、结实率和千粒质量均直接显著促进了水稻籽粒产量建成,直接路径系数分别为0.83、0.23、0.14、0.05。【结论】稻田整治后短期施用平衡化肥能够取得较高的水稻产量和水肥利用效率;施用化肥通过提高水稻分蘖数,增加有效穗数,提升水稻籽粒产量。
【Objective】In order to provide scientific basis for scientific water and fertilizer management of rice,the effects of different fertilization models on rice growth and water and fertilizer utilization were explored.【Method】Four fertilization treatments were used in pot experiments:balanced chemical fertilizer(CF),low amount organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer(CF-LM),high amount organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer(CF-HM),and no fertilization control(CK).Rice growth,yield and composition factors,water and fertilizer utilization were investigated in four soils from land consolidation paddy fields.【Result】Compared with the no fertilizer control treatment(CK),the number of tillers,the length,width and area of flag leaf in rice were increased significantly with fertilization treatments(CF,CF-LM and CF-HM).Under the condition of equal nutrient input,the grain yield of rice under CF was significantly higher than that of CF-LM and CF-HM,with an average increase of 39.1%and 175.4%,respectively.The water and fertilizer utilization of each treatment were highest in CF,followed by CF-LM and CF-HM.Pathway analysis showed that the number of panicles,spikelets per panicle,percentage of filled grain,and 1000-grain weight directly and significantly promoted the establishment of rice grain yield,with direct path coefficients were 0.83,0.23,0.14 and 0.05,respectively.【Conclusion】It was concluded that,the shortterm application of balanced chemical fertilizer after paddy field consolidation achieved higher grain yield,water and fertilizer utilization efficiency.Chemical fertilizer improving rice grain yield by increasing numbers of tillers and numbers of panicles.
作者
黄兴成
李渝
刘彦伶
张雅蓉
杨叶华
朱华清
蒋太明
HUANG Xingcheng;LI Yu;LIU Yanling;ZHANG Yarong;YANG Yehua;ZHU Huaqing;JIANG Taiming(Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006,China;National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality in Guiyang,Guiyang 550006,China;Scientific Oberving and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation and Agricultural Environment(Guizhou),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guiyang 550006,China;Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006,China)
出处
《灌溉排水学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第S01期1-6,12,共7页
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage
基金
贵州省科学技术基金项目(黔科合基础[2020]1Y411)
国家自然科学基金项目(31860132)
中央引导地方科技发展专项资金项目(黔科中引地[2019]4003号)
作者简介
黄兴成(1990-),男。助理研究员,博士研究生,主要从事农田生态研究。E-mail:huangxc90@163.com;通信作者:蒋太明(1964-),男。研究员,博士,主要从事农田水土工程研究。E-mail:jtm532@163.com
