摘要
中国目前有“直连直供”“代输直供”及“统购统销”三种供气路径。“直连直供”“代输直供”可实现上下游直接对接,有助于形成多元竞争的市场格局,降低终端用气成本,其中“直连直供”更为高效直接,将成为大势所趋。“统购统销”“代输直供”模式中间环节输配费定价机制和成本监审制度仍不完善;“统购统销”“代输直供”中间环节增加输配气成本,抬升终端用气价格;“统购统销”不利于实现“气-气竞争”的供气格局和市场化的定价机制;“直连直供”“代输直供”模式有利于降低终端用气成本,但对城市燃气特许经营权形成挑战。天然气用户选择供气模式需要处理好与上游供气商、城市燃气企业、现有管道及线路规划、地方价格管理部门、多级代输环节的关系。建议政府有关部门加快推动区域天然气管网改革,进一步完善区域管网输配定价与监审制度,出台政策统筹取得特许经营权的城市燃气企业与直供大用户之间的关系,鼓励大工业用户与上游供气商直接交易。
At present,there are such three kinds of gas supply paths in China as direct path from supplier to end-user,indirect path from supplier to end-user,and indirect path which means there is an intermediate gas supplier integrated purchase gas from upstream suppliers and sale to end-users.According to the study,the first and the second paths are beneficial to direct deal between upstream and downstream,which is helpful to form a market pattern of diversified competition and reduce the cost of terminal gas consumption.Especially the first one is more direct and efficient and will be the future trend.The transportation and distribution fees in the intermediate link of the second and the third paths increases the cost of gas transportation and distribution and raises the price of terminal gas with the imperfect mechanism of both pricing and cost supervision system.Especially the mode that direct path from supplier to end-user,it is not conducive to the realization of“gas-gas competition”supply pattern and market-oriented pricing mechanism.The first and the second could reduce the cost of terminal gas consumption but would be a challenge for the city gas franchise.When selecting gas supply mode,natural gas users need to properly handle the relationship with upstream gas suppliers,urban gas enterprises,existing pipeline and line planning,local price management departments,and multi-level generation and transportation links.It is recommended that the government departments should accelerate the reform process of regional gas pipeline network,further improve regulation and supervision of the regional pipeline network transportation and distribution fees system,introduce policies to coordinate the relationship between city gas enterprises with franchise and large industry users,and encourage large industrial users directly buy gas from gas suppliers.
作者
陈正惠
宋明国
樊慧
CHEN Zhenghui;SONG Mingguo;FAN Hui(PetroChina Fujian Marketing Company;Natural Gas Sales Southern Company of PetroChina;CNPC Economics and Technology Research Institute)
出处
《国际石油经济》
2022年第8期72-78,共7页
International Petroleum Economics
关键词
天然气供气路径
直连直供
代输直供
统购统销
燃气特许经营权
natural gas supply path
direct path
indirect path
purchased and marketed in a unified way
city gas franchise
