摘要
【目的】探明不同灌水下限对基质栽培黄瓜矿质元素吸收、分配及水分利用的影响,实现农艺节水。【方法】以黄瓜品种博特209为试材,采用基质盆栽,共设置4个灌水下限处理,分别为田间持水量的50%(A)、60%(B)、70%(C)、80%(D),灌水上限统一设定为田间持水量的90%。采用TDR350水分速测仪控制基质的水分含量,研究不同灌水下限对基质栽培黄瓜干物质分配、产量、水分利用率、矿质元素积累量和分配率的影响。【结果】处理A显著降低了黄瓜干物质在根和果实中的分配,显著促进了干物质在茎、叶中的分配;处理C使根、果实干质量占全株干质量的比例最高,表明处理C更有利于干物质向根和果实的分配。处理C、D的单株产量无显著性差异,且均显著高于处理A、B,处理C较处理A、B增幅分别为66.99%和34.01%;4个处理的单株灌水量之间均存在显著差异,且处理D最高,处理C的水分利用率显著高于其他3个处理,较处理A、B、D的增幅分别为33.14%、13.23%和10.30%。处理A较处理C、D显著降低了黄瓜根、果实对N的积累,促进了N在茎和叶中的积累;处理A较处理C、D显著降低了黄瓜根、茎和果实对P和Ca的积累;处理A的K和Mg积累量在根、茎、叶和果实中均低于处理C、D;处理A较处理C、D显著降低了黄瓜根和果实中微量元素(Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn)的积累量。N在处理B、C、D中优先向黄瓜果实中分配,而在处理A中优先向叶中分配,P、K在4个处理中均优先向果实中分配;Ca在处理C、D中优先向果实中的分配,而在处理A、B中优先向叶中分配,Mg在处理B、C、D中优先向果实分配,而在处理A中优先向叶中分配;Cu、Zn在4个处理中均表现为在果实中的分配率最大,Fe、Mn在4个处理中均表现为在叶中的分配率最大。【结论】不同灌水下限可通过调控矿质元素的积累、分配及干物质分配来影响基质栽培黄瓜的产量和水分利用率。
【Objective】In order to explore the effects of different irrigation limits on the absorption and distribution of mineral elements and water use of cucumber cultivated in substrate,and to achieve agronomic water saving.【Method】The cucumber variety Bote 209 was used as test material.Four lower irrigation limits were set up,which were 50%(A),60%(B),70%(C)and 80%(D)of field water holding capacity respectively.The upper irrigation limit was set as 90%of field water capacity.TDR350 moisture meter was used to control the moisture content of the substrate.The effect of different irrigation limits on dry matter distribution,yield,water use efficiency,accumulation and distribution of mineral elements in substrate culture cucumber were studied.【Result】Treatment A significantly reduced the distribution of dry matter in roots and fruits,but significantly promoted the distribution rate of dry matter in stems and leaves;treatment C had the highest proportion of dry matter in the whole plant,indicating that treatment C was more conducive to the distribution of dry matter to roots and fruits.The yield per plant of treatment C and D had no significant difference,and were significantly higher than those of treatment A and B,and compared with treatment C,treatment A and B increased by 66.99%and 34.01%,respectively.There were significant differences in the amount of irrigation per plant among the four treatments,treatment D was the highest,and water use efficiency of treatment C was significantly higher than that of the other three treatments,with the increase rates of 33.14%,13.23%and 10.30%respectively.Compared with treatment C and D,treatment A significantly reduced the accumulation of N in cucumber roots and fruits,promoted the accumulation of N into stems and leaves;Compared with treatment C and D,treatment A significantly reduced the accumulation of P and Ca in cucumber roots,stems and fruits.The accumulation of K and Mg in roots,stems,leaves and fruits of treatment A was lower than that of treatment C and D.Compared with treatment C and D,the accumulation of trace elements(Cu,Fe,Mn,Zn)in cucumber root and fruit was significantly reduced by treatment A.In treatment B,C and D,N was preferentially distributed to cucumber fruit,while in treatment A,P and K were preferentially distributed to fruit.Ca was preferentially distributed to fruit in treatment C and D,while in treatment A and B,Mg was preferentially distributed to fruit in treatment B,C and D,and to leaf in treatment A.In four treatments the distribution rate of Cu and Zn in the fruits was the highest,while the distribution rate of Fe and Mn in the leaves was the highest.【Conclusion】The different irrigation limits could affect the yield and water use efficiency of cucumber by regulating the distribution of dry matter,accumulation and distribution of mineral elements.
作者
金宁
金莉
吕剑
郁继华
罗石磊
张国斌
武玥
刘泽慈
JIN Ning;JIN Li;LYU Jian;YU Jihua;LUO Shilei;ZHANG Guobin;WU Yue;LIU Zeci(College of Horticulture,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)
出处
《甘肃农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
2022年第2期43-53,共11页
Journal of Gansu Agricultural University
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0201205)
中央引导地方科技发展专项(ZCYD-2020-5-2)
国家现代农业产业体系专项(CARS-23-C-07)
甘肃省民生科技专项(20CX9NA099)
关键词
黄瓜
灌水下限
干物质
矿质元素
积累
分配
水分利用率
cucumber
irrigation lower limit
dry matter
mineral elements
accumulation
distribution
water use efficiency
作者简介
第一作者:金宁,博士,研究方向为蔬菜品质发育与调控。E-mail:1748751058@qq.com;通信作者:吕剑,副教授,研究方向为蔬菜栽培生理与生长调控。E-mail:lvjian@gsau.edu.cn
