摘要
利用1971-2016年辽宁省61个气象站气温、地表温度、积雪日数和积雪深度资料,分析了积雪的保温作用及其对地气温差的影响。结果表明:更换自动站前后地表温度观测方式的差异导致地气温差显著增大,地气温差的增大程度受所在区域积雪日数、积雪深度的影响显著。在积雪期较长、积雪较厚的地区,积雪引起反照率增大,使得雪面温度降低,导致雪气温差减小,而雪的保温作用使得地气温差显著增大。因此,更换自动站前地(雪)气温差与积雪日数呈显著负相关,而更换自动站后地气温差与积雪日数呈显著正相关。各台站之间地气温差随积雪深度的变化系数差异较大,为0.045~0.858℃·cm-1,在年平均积雪日数<40 d、年平均极端积雪深度<10 cm的区域,积雪的保温作用随积雪深度增大而显著增大;在年平均积雪日数>40 d、年平均极端积雪深度>10 cm的区域,10 cm以下的积雪对土壤保温作用随积雪深度增大显著,当积雪深度>10 cm后,其保温作用随积雪深度增大的幅度明显减小。
Based on air temperature,ground surface temperature,snow cover duration and snow cover depth records from 61 weather stations in Liaoning Province from 1971 to 2016,the effect of snow cover on ground-air temperature difference were analyzed.The analyses show that the difference of ground surface temperature caused by different observation ways before and after replacement of automatic weather station plays a dominant role for ground-air temperature difference increasing significantly;ground-air temperature difference change was influenced by snow cover duration and snow cover depth obviously.In the area with long snow cover duration,snow cover increases the albedo,resulting in snow cover surface temperature decreasing and snow-air temperature difference increasing.Besides,due to the heat preservation effect of snow on the ground,ground-air temperature difference increases significantly.Therefore,ground(snow)-air temperature difference has a negative correlation with snow cover duration before replacement of automatic weather station,and ground-air temperature difference has a positive correlation with snow cover duration after the replacement.Variation coefficients of daily mean ground-air temperature difference with daily snow depth changes between 0.045-0.858℃·cm-1 from station to station.In the area where annual snow cover duration is less than 40 days and snow cover depth is below 10 cm,the heat preservation effect of snow increases significantly with the increase of snow depth.In the area where annual snow cover duration is more than 40 days and maximum snow cover depth is above 10 cm,when snow cover depth below 10 cm,the heat preservation effect of snow has increased significantly with the increase of snow depth,however,when snow cover depth above 10 cm,the heat preservation effect of snow has increased slowly with the increase of snow depth.
作者
朱玲
顾正强
龚强
晁华
李杨
徐红
周晓宇
沈历都
蔺娜
ZHU Ling;GU Zhengqiang;GONG Qiang;CHAO Hua;LI Yang;XU Hong;ZHOU Xiaoyu;SHEN Lidu;LIN Na(Shenyang Regional Climate Center,Shenyang 110166,China;Liaoning Radio and TV University,Shenyang 110034,China)
出处
《冰川冻土》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第2期293-303,共11页
Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology
基金
中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF201710,CCSF201841)
中国气象局预报员专项(CMAYBY2018-018)
辽宁省气象局科研课题(BA201902)资助.
关键词
地气温差
积雪日数
积雪深度
保温作用
更换自动站
辽宁
ground-air temperature difference
snow cover duration
snow cover depth
heat preservation effect
replacement of automatic weather station
Liaoning
作者简介
朱玲(1985-),女,江苏建湖人,工程师,2010年在兰州大学获硕士学位,从事气候变化、气候可行性论证研究.E-mail:zhuling.0@163.com;通信作者:龚强,E-mail:isgq@sina.com.
