摘要
【目的】通过研究磷肥施用方式对蓝莓苗木生长及养分吸收的影响,确定蓝莓苗木培育的最佳施肥方式,为蓝莓的科学施肥提供理论依据和实践基础。【方法】以两年生蓝莓‘米斯提’苗木为试材,采用完全随机区组试验设计,设置一次性施肥(DF)、线性施肥(LF)、平均施肥(AF)和指数施肥(EF)4种施肥方式,以不施肥(CK)为对照,测定苗木形态、生理指标和土壤理化性质,筛选出磷肥最佳的施肥方式。【结果】4种施肥方式均能显著提高蓝莓基生枝条长度、百叶干质量、叶面积、基生枝条数量和冠幅,同时有利于叶片磷、钾、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、总酚和叶绿素含量的积累;土壤全氮、全钾、铵态氮、硝态氮、速效钾和pH值均低于对照,而全磷、有效磷、有机质和EC值均高于对照。指数施肥在促进基生枝条长度、粗度、数量、百叶干质量、叶面积、冠幅、叶片钾和可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、总酚及叶绿素含量等生理方面和增加土壤有机质、有效磷及降低pH值等土壤养分方面均优于其他3种施肥方式。线性施肥在促进叶片氮含量积累方面优于指数施肥。主成分分析发现4种磷肥施用方式对蓝莓生长及养分吸收影响效果依次是EF> AF> DF> LF> CK。【结论】4种施肥方式均能改善土壤环境和促进蓝莓苗木生长,而指数施肥效果最佳。
[Objective] By exploring the effects of phosphate fertilization methods on growth and nutrient uptake of Vaccinium spp., this study found out the suitable fertilization method for blueberry seedling cultivation, and provided theoretical and practical basis for scientific fertilization of Vaccinium spp.[Method] Two-year-old ‘Misty’ was taken as test object. By means of completely randomized design, we set up four fertilization methods, including single fertilization(DF), linear fertilization(LF), average fertilization(AF) and exponential fertilization(EF), whereas no fertilization provided as control(CK).Employing principal component analysis, the best P fertilization method was comprehensively evaluated on the basis of morphological indexes, physiological indexes of leaves and soil physicochemical properties compared with the control. [Result] The results showed that the length growth of basal branches, dry mass of 100 leaves, leaf areas, the number of basal branches and crown width could be enhanced remarkably under all the fertilization methods;the content of P, K, soluble sugar, soluble protein, phenols and chlorophyll in leaves were also increased. The total nitrogen, total potassium, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, available potassium and pH were lower than CK in the soil, whereas the total phosphorus, available phosphorus, organic matters and EC were higher than CK. The effects of exponential fertilization were the most obvious on the length of Vaccinium spp. basal branches, diameter of basal branches, dry mass of 100 leaves, leaf areas, number of basal branches, crown width, leaf K content, soluble protein content, phenols content, chlorophyll content of leaves, and available potassium, organic matters and pH in the soil. Straight fertilization was proved to be the best method for N content in the leaves than other treatments. Meanwhile,the leaf phosphorus contents of exponential fertilization and average fertilization were more stable than other treatments. [Conclusion] Altogether, the effects of different P fertilization methods on the growth of Vaccinium spp. are as follows: EF > AF > DF > LF > CK. These data indicate that the fertilization treatments can promote the growth of Vaccinium spp. and the most effective fertilization method is exponential fertilization.
作者
王爱斌
张流洋
宋慧芳
张明
苗雅慧
郭雨潇
张凌云
Wang Aibin;Zhang Liuyang;Song Huifang;Zhang Ming;Miao Yahui;Guo Yuxiao;Zhang Lingyun(State Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation and Protection of Ministry of Education,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Hubei Provincial Forestry Investigation and Planning Institute,Wuhan 430079,Hubei,China)
出处
《北京林业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第2期114-123,共10页
Journal of Beijing Forestry University
基金
北京市自然科学基金项目(6172026).
关键词
蓝莓
磷肥
主成分分析
土壤理化性质
Vaccinium spp.
P fertilizer
principal component analysis
soil physicochemical property
作者简介
第一作者:王爱斌。主要研究方向:经济林(果树)培育与利用。Email:wangaibin126@126.com,地址:100083北京市海淀区清华东路35号北京林业大学林学院。;责任作者:张凌云,教授。主要研究方向:经济林(蓝莓、枣)栽培生理及林木逆境生理与分子生物学。Email:lyzhang@bjfu.edu.cn,地址:100083北京市海淀区清华东路35号北京林业大学林学院。
