摘要
法国素来重视教育公平问题。近年来,法国政府出台了一系列政策和举措来改革学校教育,特别是改善由于家庭社会背景差异导致的教育不公平现象。研究重点关注了如下几方面的改革内容:将学前教育纳入义务教育,强化教育早期干预对于促进公平的作用;在初中逐步推行“在校完成作业”等举措强化个性化辅导;改革高中教育,推行新高中毕业会考,增加学生学业方向的选择权;持续投入并改进“教育优先区”,坚持“给匮者更多”的原则;缩小高等教育传统上的综合性大学和“大学校”的差距,鼓励“大学校”开展社会性开放运动。通过政策分析,可以看出法国政府的决策不断朝着科学化的方向发展,其做法也符合当前国际教育改革的总体发展方向。政府能够兼顾统筹、循序推进各类政策,但是,单纯以教育政策为抓手,通过改革学校教育促进教育公平是个艰难的任务,复杂的法国政治环境也让政策的推进和落地显得更为困难。
France has always attached great importance to education equity.In recent years,the French government has introduced a series of policies and initiatives to reform school education,specifically to deal with educational inequities caused by family and social backgrounds.This study systematically reviewed the following reform policies:integrating pre-school education into compulsory education so as to strengthen early intervention in promoting equity;the gradual introduction of“Devoirs Faits”in junior high schools to enhance individualized tutoring;the reform of senior high school education and the enforcement of the new baccalauréat to expand students’choices of academic paths and direction;the continued investment and improvement of the“Zone d’éducation prioritaire”and the principle of“giving more to the most in need”;narrowing the gap between universities,grandesécoles,and the grandesécoles are encouraged to launch the program of“ouverture sociale”.Through the policy analysis,the French government’s policy-making has upheld a scientific-based orientation,and its approaches are in line with the general trends of the globe.The French government promotes various policies in an integrated and sequential manner.However,promoting educational equity is a complicated task,which is more than school education reform and education policies.What’s more,the complex French political environment makes the advancement and implementation of policies even more complicated and challenging.
作者
刘敏
李逸然
LIU Min;LI Yiran
出处
《北外教育评论》
2022年第1期162-173,196-197,共14页
BFSU Education Review
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金外语类院校中外合作项目“内部质量管理体系探究”(2022JX034)的阶段性研究成果
关键词
教育公平
教育优先区
大学校
马克龙总统
Education Equity
Educational Priority Area
Grand School
President Macron
作者简介
刘敏,北京师范大学国际与比较教育研究院副教授,北京师范大学国际交流与合作处副处长、中法教育创新中心主任(北京100081);李逸然,北京外国语大学国际教育学院硕士研究生(北京100089)
