摘要
最低工资是在初次分配环节缓解城镇贫困问题的主要工具,目前学术界对其有效性的检验仅局限在收益分配方面,忽视了成本分担的影响,结论可能存在偏差。本文使用城镇住户调查(UHS)数据、作者搜集的县级最低工资数据、中国投入产出表信息,利用投入产出模型连接劳动力市场和消费品市场,尝试从收益分配和成本分担两方面分析最低工资的实际运行机制和综合减贫效应。结果表明,最低工资能实现高收入家庭对低收入家庭的补贴,但其效果主要来自成本分担,而非人们通常关注的收益分配;最低工资使各类消费品价格上涨0.5%~3.024%,消费者成本分担与家庭收入成正比,具有明显累进性。进一步放松就业假设后,各类家庭净收益都有所降低,但累进性未受影响。在实践中,不仅要在收益分配中准确锚定低收入家庭,还要重视成本分担的作用,用配套措施补偿不享受最低工资的低收入家庭所承担的成本。
Minimum wage is the main tool for alleviating urban poverty in primary distribution.The current academic test of its effectiveness is limited to income distribution,ignoring the impact of cost sharing,and the conclusion may be biased.Using Urban Household Survey(UHS)data,county-level minimum wage data collected by the authors,and China’s input-output table,and connecting the labor market and the consumer goods market using the input-output model,this paper tries to analyze the actual operating mechanism of the minimum wage and the comprehensive poverty alleviation effect from the aspects of income distribution and cost sharing.The results show that the minimum wage can work as subsidies from high-income households to low-income households.But the effect comes mainly from the cost sharing,not the benefits distribution that people usually pay attention to.The minimum wage makes the price of various consumer goods rise by 0.5%-3.024%,and the cost sharing is proportional to the household income,which is obviously progressive.After further relaxing the employment assumption,the net income of all households decreased but the progressivity is not affected.In practice,we should not only accurately anchor low-income households in income distribution,but also attach importance to the role of cost sharing,and compensate for the cost of low-income households unentitled to the minimum wage with policy support.
作者
寇恩惠
刘柏惠
KOU Enhui;LIU Baihui(Central University of Finance and Economics,102206;Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,100006)
出处
《财贸经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第3期59-76,共18页
Finance & Trade Economics
基金
国家自然科学基金青年项目“最低工资与城镇减贫:影响机制与实际效果的微观检验”(71403289)
国家社会科学基金青年项目“社会保险费征管体制改革的最优路径与效果评估”(18CJY064)
中央财经大学青年英才培育计划(QYP2001)
关键词
最低工资
收益分配
成本分担
净收益
投入产出模型
Minimum Wage
Benefit Distribution
Cost Sharing
Net Benefit
Input-Output Model
作者简介
寇恩惠,中央财经大学财政税务学院副教授,102206;刘柏惠,中国社会科学院财经战略研究院副研究员,100006,电子邮箱:liubaihui0515@163.com。
