摘要
既有研究认为,关公信仰正式进入藏传佛教体系始于乾隆时期,并和雍和宫改建有关。文章指出,康熙年间敕建的辽宁省朝阳市佑顺寺,始建时即有关公殿并保存至今,表明关公崇拜正式进入藏传佛教体系不晚于佑顺寺落成的1707年。文章梳理佑顺寺藏传佛教石雕、朝阳市地方志和清末海外汉学家在佑顺寺的研究记录,表明佑顺寺从规划到传承,始终是藏传佛教在东北地区重要的传经和藏经寺庙。朝阳市位于东北、漠南和京畿地区交界,地处清朝统治北方地区的核心位置,北京白塔寺的主持喇嘛卓尔济负责筹建佑顺寺并担任首任主持,在此前后,朝阳也成为藏传佛教经文译为蒙古文的重要地区,后世乾隆等历代清朝皇帝往返盛京(沈阳)途中也都在佑顺寺驻留,这些都反映了佑顺寺在清朝敕建藏传佛教寺庙体系中的重要地位和作用。清朝通过佑顺寺等敕建藏传佛教寺庙的布局,在蒙古、东北地区和京畿地区建立起藏传佛教体系的多个节点,正反映了清朝将藏传佛教“国教化”和“王朝化”的思路。而佑顺寺中专门建成的关公殿,体现着清朝借助藏传佛教来管理国家,吸收不同民族和地区文化的特点,也反映了藏传佛教的开放和包容。
Existing studies believe that the formal entry of Guan Gong belief into the Tibetan Buddhist system began in the Qianlong period and was related to the reconstruction of Yonghegong Lama Temple.The article points out that when the Youshun Temple in Chaoyang City,Liaoning Province,was first built during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty,there was the Guan Gong Hall and has been preserved to this day,indicating that the worship of Guan Gong formally entered the Tibetan Buddhist system no later than 1707,when the Youshun Temple was completed.The article combs the Tibetan Buddhist stone carvings of Youshun Temple,the local chronicles of Chaoyang City,and the research records of overseas sinologists in Youshun Temple in the late Qing Dynasty,and it shows that from its planning to inheritance Youshun Temple has always been an important scripture transmission and collection temple of Tibetan Buddhism in northeast China.Chaoyang city is located at the junction of the Northeast and Monan regions and the urban-region of the capital city,and is at the core of the Qing Dynasty's rule of the northern region.Lama Chos rje,the abbot of White Pagoda Temple in Beijing,was in charge of preparing for the construction of Youshun Temple and served as the first abbot.Before and after this,Chaoyang also became an important area where Tibetan Buddhist scriptures were translated into Mongolian.Emperor Qianlong and other Qing emperors also stayed at Youshun Temple on their way to and from Shengjing(Shenyang).All those facets reflect the important position and role of Youshun Temple in the Tibetan Buddhist system in the Qing Dynasty.Through the layout of Tibetan Buddhist temples such as Youshun Temple the Qing Dynasty established multiple nodes of the Tibetan Buddhist system in Mongolia,northeast part of China,and the urban-region of the capital city,which reflects the Qing Dynasty's idea of"nationalization"and"dynasticization"of Tibetan Buddhism.The Guan Gong Hall specially built in Youshun Temple reflects the Qing Dynasty's administration of the country through Tibetan Buddhism,absorbing the characteristics of different ethnic and regional cultures,and also reflects the openness and tolerance of Tibetan Buddhism.
出处
《中国藏学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第3期150-159,217-218,共12页
China Tibetology
基金
2022国家社科基金艺术学项目“国家文化战略视野下的美术馆跨学科发展与新美术馆学研究”(批准号:22BF095)的研究成果
关键词
藏传佛教
关公
佑顺寺
Tibetan Buddhism
Guan Gong
Youshun Temple
作者简介
胡超,广州美术学院新美术馆学研究中心讲师(广州510006)。
