摘要
故事及其展现一直是小说叙事学研究领域里的一个核心议题。以"故事"和"话语"两分法为依据,研究者们重视事件在文本中的呈现方式,提出了富有体系的诗学理论与研究方法。相比之下,未能呈现于叙事文本的事件长期处于研究视野之外。这一现象引发关注。以实际发生但未得到展现的"未叙述之事"作为对比,杰拉德·普林斯(Gerald Prince)提出了"未发生之事"(disnarration)的概念,形容故事中可能发生但实际并未发生之事;集中于"未叙述之事"(unnarration)透露的社会历史文化意义,罗宾·R.沃霍尔(Robyn R.Warhol)对这一现象进行了细化和分类。不同于上述两位理论家的观察角度,布莱恩·理查逊(Brian Richardson)提出了"否定叙述"(denarration)概念,形容叙述行为对所述事件的抹去。"未发生""未叙述"和"否定叙述"三个概念都与故事——话语关系密切相关,但各有所指,影响读者阅读阐释。本文介绍三个概念的所指及其理论意义,并以具体例子分别阐述三种现象在修辞阅读、意识形态批评,以及"非自然叙事"研究领域的应用。
The ratio of fictional events to their representation is one of the fundamental issues in narrative study.Assuming that narrative represents past events,structuralist narratologists are more interested in events that did happen but somehow are not represented in the text.This has led to a considerable negligence of those that might have happened or could have happened.This phenomenon has drawn some critical attention among narratologists in narrative pragmatics as well as poetics.With equal attention to the nonrepresented and unactualized,narratologists have categorized three types of narrative negation:unnarration,disnarration,and denarration.These three concepts,imbricated as they are,point to different facets in the story world and have different rhetorical and thematic significance when applied in interpretation.This article examines their conceptual meanings and theoretical significance with relevant textual examples.
出处
《英语研究》
2021年第2期23-34,共12页
English Studies
关键词
未发生
未叙述
否定叙述
修辞功能
disnarration
unnarration
denarration
rhetorical function
作者简介
王丽亚,女,北京外国语大学英语学院教授,博士,博导,主要从事英美小说及叙事理论研究。
