摘要
相比于传统民法,我国立法中恢复原状的地位被弱化,不是损害赔偿最高指导原则,不具备损害赔偿主要方式的相应功能。在恢复原状主义模式下,恢复原状具备概括性与兜底性,在适用上具备诸多优势。损害赔偿方式的确定应从“欲弥补者究为完整利益还是价值利益”和“此种救济能否达成受害人完整权益状态恢复原状”两个维度加以判断。我国民事责任体系并非不能作恢复原状主义之解释,宜在关注完整利益之回复的理念下,对我国《民法典》第179条规定的责任形式以及其他条文有关损害赔偿之规定进行体系解释,建立由恢复原状与金钱赔偿所统领的损害赔偿方式。在我国整个民法体系上对损害赔偿法总则之内容进行梳理,从而发挥恢复原状之概括性与兜底性功能,完成向传统民法上恢复原状主义之回归,实现我国民法典中恢复原状的再体系化。实质民法规范存在于民法典内外,在向恢复原状主义回归的体系解释效应之下,应对民法典之外的恢复原状条款做向恢复原状主义回归的一并体系解释,分为含优先性特征的恢复原状、含概括性或兜底性特征的恢复原状和狭义的恢复原状三种类型。
Compared with the traditional civil law,the status of restitution in China’s legislation is weakened,which is not the highest guiding principle of damage compensation,and does not have the corresponding function of the main way of damage compensation.Under the restitution doctrine,restitution is general and comprehensive,and has many advantages in application.The way of compensation for damages should be judged from the two dimensions of"is it a remedy of integrated interests or value interests"and"whether such remedy can achieve the restoration of the victim’s integrated interests".The civil liability system of our country can be interpreted as restitution doctrine.We should pay attention to the idea of the remedy of the integrated interests,and systematically explain the liability form stipulated in Article 179 of the civil code of China and the provisions of other articles on compensation for damages,so as to establish the mode of compensation for damages dominated by restitution and monetary compensation.In order to give full play to the general and comprehensive functions of restitution,complete the return to restitution in traditional civil law,and realize the re systematization of restitution in our civil code,we should sort out the contents of the general provisions of the damage compensation law in the whole civil law system of our country.Substantive civil law norms exist inside and outside the civil code.Under the systematic interpretation effect of the return to restitution,the restitution provisions outside the civil code should be interpreted systematically at the same time,which can be divided into three types:restitution with priority features,restitution with general or comprehensive features and restitution in a narrow sense.
出处
《荆楚法学》
2022年第2期59-78,共20页
Jingchu Law Review
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目“完善正确处理新形势下人民内部矛盾之大调解制度研究”(项目编号:20AZD083)的阶段性成果
关键词
民法典
损害赔偿
恢复原状
金钱赔偿
完整利益
Civil Code
Compensation for Damages
Restitution
Monetary Compensation
Integrated Interests
作者简介
张红,武汉大学法学院教授。
